How to format your references using the International Journal of Engineering Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Engineering Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goudsmit, J. (2009). Obituary: Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (1923-2008). Nature, 457(7228), 394.

A journal article with 2 authors

Song, W. J., & Tezcan, F. A. (2014). A designed supramolecular protein assembly with in vivo enzymatic activity. Science (New York, N.Y.), 346(6216), 1525–1528.

A journal article with 3 authors

Strauss, S. H., Costanza, A., & Séguin, A. (2015). BIOTECHNOLOGY. Genetically engineered trees: Paralysis from good intentions. Science (New York, N.Y.), 349(6250), 794–795.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Vasefi, F., MacKinnon, N., Saager, R. B., Durkin, A. J., Chave, R., Lindsley, E. H., & Farkas, D. L. (2014). Polarization-sensitive hyperspectral imaging in vivo: a multimode dermoscope for skin analysis. Scientific Reports, 4, 4924.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Allsopp, W. (2017). Advanced Penetration Testing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Choudhary, D. K., Varma, A., & Tuteja, N. (Eds.). (2016). Plant-Microbe Interaction: An Approach to Sustainable Agriculture. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Morozov, M., Gerasimov, A., Fominykh, M., & Smorkalov, A. (2013). Asynchronous Immersive Classes in a 3D Virtual World: Extended Description of vAcademia. In M. L. Gavrilova, C. J. K. Tan, & A. Kuijper (Eds.), Transactions on Computational Science XVIII: Special Issue on Cyberworlds (pp. 81–100). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Engineering Science.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, August 27). Walking Fish Sheds Light On The Evolution Of Vertebrate Limbs. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/walking-fish-sheds-light-evolution-vertebrate-limbs/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2008). Information Technology: Agencies Need to Establish Comprehensive Policies to Address Changes to Projects’ Cost, Schedule, and Performance Goals (GAO-08-925). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bennett, C. A. (2012). The stigma of mental illness as experienced by mental health professionals as patients: A phenomenological study [Doctoral dissertation]. Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J. (2017, July 13). Season Of Change For Emmys. New York Times, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goudsmit, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Goudsmit, 2009; Song & Tezcan, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Song & Tezcan, 2014)
Three authors: (Strauss et al., 2015)
6 or more authors: (Vasefi et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Engineering Science
Abbreviation	Int. J. Eng. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0020-7225
Scope	General Engineering