How to format your references using the International Journal of Earth Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Earth Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Woollings T (2011) Atmospheric science. Ocean effects of blocking. Science 334:612–613

A journal article with 2 authors

Rohwer F, Thurber RV (2009) Viruses manipulate the marine environment. Nature 459:207–212

A journal article with 3 authors

Long SB, Casey PJ, Beese LS (2002) Reaction path of protein farnesyltransferase at atomic resolution. Nature 419:645–650

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yool A, Martin AP, Fernández C, Clark DR (2007) The significance of nitrification for oceanic new production. Nature 447:999–1002

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Avdeef A (2012) Absorption and Drug Development. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Albertsson A-C, Hakkarainen M (eds) (2008) Chromatography for Sustainable Polymeric Materials: Renewable, Degradable and Recyclable. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Taivan C, José R (2011) An Application Framework for Open Application Development and Distribution in Pervasive Display Networks. In: Meersman R, Dillon T, Herrero P (eds) On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2011 Workshops: Confederated International Workshops and Posters: EI2N+NSF ICE, ICSP+INBAST, ISDE, ORM, OTMA, SWWS+MONET+SeDeS, and VADER 2011, Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, October 17-21, 2011. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 21–25

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Earth Sciences.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2015) Scientists Have Begun Hunting For Alien Signals Coming From Mysterious Star. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1978) New Ways of Preparing Data for Computers Could Save Money and Time and Reduce Errors. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Evans AM (2017) Long-Term Sustainability of Surgical Operational Improvements Post Consultancy: A Multiple Case Study Analysis. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ortved J (2017) Stylish Like a Fox, And Back in the City. New York Times D3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Woollings 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Rohwer and Thurber 2009; Woollings 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rohwer and Thurber 2009)
Three or more authors: (Yool et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Earth Sciences
Abbreviation	Geol. Rundsch.
ISSN (print)	1437-3254
ISSN (online)	1437-3262
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences