How to format your references using the International Journal of Early Childhood citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Early Childhood (IJEC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Reichhardt, T. (2000). New form of hydrogen power provokes scepticism. Nature, 404(6775), 218.

A journal article with 2 authors

Akiyama, T., & Gibson, M. C. (2015). Decapentaplegic and growth control in the developing Drosophila wing. Nature, 527(7578), 375–378.

A journal article with 3 authors

Marston, J. O., Riker, P. W., & Thoroddsen, S. T. (2014). Generation of ultra-sound during tape peeling. Scientific reports, 4, 4326.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Mahowald, M. A., Magrini, V., Mardis, E. R., & Gordon, J. I. (2006). An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature, 444(7122), 1027–1031.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hunt-Ahmed, K. (2013). Contemporary Islamic Finance. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Cao, L., Zeng, Y., An, B., Symeonidis, A. L., Gorodetsky, V., Coenen, F., & Yu, P. S. (Eds.). (2015). Agents and Data Mining Interaction: 10th International Workshop, ADMI 2014, Paris, France, May 5-9, 2014, Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 9145). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Brassard, G., & Raymond-Robichaud, P. (2013). Can Free Will Emerge from Determinism in Quantum Theory? In A. Suarez & P. Adams (Eds.), Is Science Compatible with Free Will?: Exploring Free Will and Consciousness in the Light of Quantum Physics and Neuroscience (pp. 41–61). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Early Childhood.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, June 18). Researchers Are Developing A Vaccine For Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/vaccine-help-ptsd/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2004). Information Technology: FAA Has Many Investment Management Capabilities in Place, but More Oversight of Operational Systems Is Needed (No. GAO-04-822). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wood, R. D. (2010). Correlation of conductor leadership style, musician employment status, organizational participation to orchestra musician job satisfaction (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt, L. F. (2006, January 1). The Legacies They Left. New York Times, p. 14LI7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Reichhardt 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Akiyama and Gibson 2015; Reichhardt 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Akiyama and Gibson 2015)
Three or more authors: (Turnbaugh et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Early Childhood
Abbreviation	Int. J. Early Child.
ISSN (print)	0020-7187
ISSN (online)	1878-4658
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Education

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