How to format your references using the International Journal of Early Childhood citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Early Childhood (IJEC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sargent, M. (2008). Obituary: Willis E. Lamb Jr (1913-2008). Nature, 453(7197), 867.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hartl, F. U., & Hayer-Hartl, M. (2002). Molecular chaperones in the cytosol: from nascent chain to folded protein. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5561), 1852–1858.

A journal article with 3 authors

Costello, C., Gaines, S. D., & Lynham, J. (2008). Can catch shares prevent fisheries collapse? Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5896), 1678–1681.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Home, J. P., Hanneke, D., Jost, J. D., Amini, J. M., Leibfried, D., & Wineland, D. J. (2009). Complete methods set for scalable ion trap quantum information processing. Science (New York, N.Y.), 325(5945), 1227–1230.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dods, R. F. (2013). Understanding Diabetes. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Shultz, L., & Kajner, T. (Eds.). (2013). Engaged Scholarship: The Politics of Engagement and Disengagement. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

A chapter in an edited book

Ricci, G. (2011). Sul Reticolo Dei Punti Aventi Per Coordinate I Numeri Peimi. In G. Ricci (Ed.), Teoria dei numeri (pp. 89–95). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Early Childhood.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016, April 25). Record Breeding Season For The Enigmatic Kākāpō Parrot. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/record-breeding-season-enigmatic-k-k-p-parrot/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1979). Supplemental Security Income Computerized System Development Process (No. HRD-80-5). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Boothe, C. S. (2012). The effects of prototype medium on the user’s overall perception of usability and ability to detect usability flaws (Doctoral dissertation). Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart, J. B. (2017, October 26). Following Amazon In the Hunt For a Home. New York Times, p. B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sargent 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Hartl and Hayer-Hartl 2002; Sargent 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hartl and Hayer-Hartl 2002)
Three or more authors: (Home et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Early Childhood
Abbreviation	Int. J. Early Child.
ISSN (print)	0020-7187
ISSN (online)	1878-4658
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Education