How to format your references using the International Journal of Approximate Reasoning citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Approximate Reasoning. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

C. Smith, A whole picture, Nature 422 (2003) 345.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

F. Lescai, M. Quarta, Young scientist: Italian biotechnologists organize, Nature 425 (2003) 644.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

V. Kokoouline, C.H. Greene, B.D. Esry, Mechanism for the destruction of H+3 ions by electron impact, Nature 412 (2001) 891–894.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S. Jin, H. Mavoori, C. Bower, R.B. van Dover, High critical currents in iron-clad superconducting MgB2 wires, Nature 411 (2001) 563–565.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D.R. Aronson, Evidence-Based Technical Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

A. Lavacchi, Nanotechnology in Electrocatalysis for Energy, Springer, New York, NY, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

G. Hou, K. Zhou, J. Chang, R. Li, M. Li, Interrupt Modeling and Verification for Embedded Systems Based on Time Petri Nets, in: C. Wu, A. Cohen (Eds.), Advanced Parallel Processing Technologies: 10th International Symposium, APPT 2013, Stockholm, Sweden, August 27-28, 2013, Revised Selected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013: pp. 62–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Approximate Reasoning.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Huge Chain Of Volcanoes Discovered In Australia, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/physics/australia-hosts-worlds-longest-continental-volcano-track/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Internal Controls Over the Automatic Data Processing System Used by the Travelers Insurance Company in Making Medicare Payments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1969.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

F. Alsari, Training needs analysis for women in educational leadership in Saudi Arabia, Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Shpigel, Return of Jets’ Decker Is Clouded by Injury, New York Times (2016) D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Approximate Reasoning
Abbreviation	Int. J. Approx. Reason.
ISSN (print)	0888-613X
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Software Applied Mathematics Theoretical Computer Science