How to format your references using the International Journal of Approximate Reasoning citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Approximate Reasoning. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R.G. Larson, Materials science. Predicting the flow of real polymers, Science 333 (2011) 1834–1835.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M.N. Win, C.D. Smolke, Higher-order cellular information processing with synthetic RNA devices, Science 322 (2008) 456–460.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J. Masle, S.R. Gilmore, G.D. Farquhar, The ERECTA gene regulates plant transpiration efficiency in Arabidopsis, Nature 436 (2005) 866–870.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Z. Cui, R. Feng, S. Jacobs, Y. Duan, H. Wang, X. Cao, J.Z. Tsien, Increased NR2A:NR2B ratio compresses long-term depression range and constrains long-term memory, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1036.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

H.S.L.C. Hens, Performance Based Building Design 2, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

E. Pattaro, D. Canale, P. Grossi, H. Hofmann, P. Riley, eds., A Treatise of Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence: Vol. 9: A History of the Philosophy of Law in the Civil Law World, 1600-1900; Vol. 10: The Philosophers’ Philosophy of Law from the Seventeenth Century to our Days, 1st ed., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Kiayias, H.-S. Zhou, Concurrent Blind Signatures Without Random Oracles, in: R.D. Prisco, M. Yung (Eds.), Security and Cryptography for Networks: 5th International Conference, SCN 2006, Maiori, Italy, September 6-8, 2006. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006: pp. 49–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Approximate Reasoning.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Milky Way galaxy has four arms, not two, IFLScience (2013).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Rail Transit: Observations on FTA’s State Safety Oversight Program and Potential Change in Oversight Role, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R.R. Maddirala, Secure file transfers using mobile device, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J.B. Stewart, Major Hurdle in Tax Overhaul: The Breaks in Trump’s Own Field, New York Times (2017) A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Approximate Reasoning
Abbreviation	Int. J. Approx. Reason.
ISSN (print)	0888-613X
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Software Applied Mathematics Theoretical Computer Science