How to format your references using the International Journal for Equity in Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal for Equity in Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Kump L. Ocean science. Ironing out biosphere oxidation. Science. 2005;307:1058–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Antonakis J, Dalgas O. Predicting elections: child’s play! Science. 2009;323:1183.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Flachsova M, Sindelka R, Kubista M. Single blastomere expression profiling of Xenopus laevis embryos of 8 to 32-cells reveals developmental asymmetry. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2278.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Lei D, Ma J, Du X, Shen G, Jin X, Gong Q. Microstructural abnormalities in the combined and inattentive subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6875.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Schober H. Transparent Shells. Berlin, Germany: Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG; 2015.

An edited book

1. Presutti L, Mattioli F, editors. Endoscopic Surgery of the Lacrimal Drainage System. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Mamei M, Zambonelli F. Self-Maintaining Overlay Data Structures for Pervasive Autonomic Services. In: Keller A, Martin-Flatin J-P, editors. Self-Managed Networks, Systems, and Services: Second IEEE International Workshop, SelfMan 2006, Dublin, Ireland, June 16, 2006 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. p. 58–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal for Equity in Health.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Not Too Brutish: Neanderthals Hunted Pigeons [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/not-too-brutish-neanderthals-hunted-pigeons/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Digests of Decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States, Vol. I. No. 1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989 Oct. Report No.: 141560.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Henderson MM. Coming to Terms: Career Development Experiences of NCAA Division I Female Student-Athletes in Transition [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Gustines GG. Brooklyn Gets a Superhero (and a Few Villains). New York Times. 2016 Apr 24;MB4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal for Equity in Health
Abbreviation	Int. J. Equity Health
ISSN (online)	1475-9276
Scope	Health Policy Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health