How to format your references using the Interactive Learning Environments citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Interactive Learning Environments. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kaiser, J. (2000). ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT: Ecologists Hope to Avoid the Mistakes of Previous Assessment. Science (New York, N.Y.), 289(5485), 1677.

A journal article with 2 authors

Maloy, K. J., & Powrie, F. (2011). Intestinal homeostasis and its breakdown in inflammatory bowel disease. Nature, 474(7351), 298–306.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nesvorný, D., Vokrouhlický, D., & Bottke, W. F. (2006). The breakup of a main-belt asteroid 450 thousand years ago. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5779), 1490.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Lin, C. I., Orlov, I., Ruggiero, A. M., Dykes-Hoberg, M., Lee, A., Jackson, M., & Rothstein, J. D. (2001). Modulation of the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1 by the interacting protein GTRAP3-18. Nature, 410(6824), 84–88.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lombard, M. (2009). SolidWorks® Administration Bible. Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Wen, K., & Zhu, E. (Eds.). (2015). Report on Development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province (2013): Measurement of Carrying Capacity and Countermeasures. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Odin, P., & Dietrich, K. (2011). Neuropsychiatric symptoms. In P. Martinez-Martin, P. Odin, & A. Antonini (Eds.), Handbook of Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease (pp. 45–56). Springer Healthcare UK.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Interactive Learning Environments.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, January 8). Wearable Tech Could Turn Us Into Navel-Gazing Slaves To The Smartwatch. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/wearable-tech-could-turn-us-navel-gazing-slaves-smartwatch/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2012). Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education: Strategic Planning Needed to Better Manage Overlapping Programs across Multiple Agencies (GAO-12-108). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ekstrom, J. E. (2009). Factors influencing retention in a residential treatment program [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Detrick, B. (2016, October 19). Elevating His Game as Art Connoisseur. New York Times, D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kaiser, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Kaiser, 2000; Maloy & Powrie, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Maloy & Powrie, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Lin et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Interactive Learning Environments
Abbreviation	Interact. Learn. Environ.
ISSN (print)	1049-4820
ISSN (online)	1744-5191
Scope	Computer Science Applications Education