How to format your references using the Interactive Learning Environments citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Interactive Learning Environments. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kronfeld, A. S. (2008). Physics. The weight of the world is quantum chromodynamics. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5905), 1198–1199.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bartek, J., & Lukas, J. (2006). Cell biology. Balancing life-or-death decisions. Science (New York, N.Y.), 314(5797), 261–262.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gebelein, B., McKay, D. J., & Mann, R. S. (2004). Direct integration of Hox and segmentation gene inputs during Drosophila development. Nature, 431(7009), 653–659.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Volkov, I., Banavar, J. R., Maritan, A., & Hubbell, S. P. (2004). Neutral theory: the stability of forest biodiversity. Nature, 427(6976), 696; discussion 696-7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stolarski, T. A., & Tobe, S. (2000). Rolling Contacts. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Xie, M., Xiong, Y., Xiong, C., Liu, H., & Hu, Z. (Eds.). (2009). Intelligent Robotics and Applications: Second International Conference, ICIRA 2009, Singapore, December 16-18, 2009. Proceedings (Vol. 5928). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Li, B., & Jia, W. (2014). ABA Transport and Distribution in Relation to Its Function in Plants. In D.-P. Zhang (Ed.), Abscisic Acid: Metabolism, Transport and Signaling (pp. 61–75). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Interactive Learning Environments.

Blog post

Taub, B. (2016, November 11). Friendship Helps Chimps De-Stress. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Meeting the Aviation Challenges of the 1990s: Experts Define Key Problems and Identify Emerging Issues (RCED-91-152). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Belcher, J. T. (2009). Optimism, psychological well-being, and quality of life in females with Fibromyalgia Syndrome [Doctoral dissertation]. Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Grynbaum, M. M. (2013, December 31). For de Blasio, So Many Jobs to Fill, So Little Time. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kronfeld, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Bartek & Lukas, 2006; Kronfeld, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bartek & Lukas, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Volkov et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Interactive Learning Environments
Abbreviation	Interact. Learn. Environ.
ISSN (print)	1049-4820
ISSN (online)	1744-5191
Scope	Computer Science Applications Education