How to format your references using the Interactive Learning Environments citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Interactive Learning Environments. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Edwards, E. A. (2014). Microbiology. Breathing the unbreathable. Science (New York, N.Y.), 346(6208), 424–425.

A journal article with 2 authors

Greenwood, B., & Owusu-Agyei, S. (2012). Epidemiology. Malaria in the post-genome era. Science (New York, N.Y.), 338(6103), 49–50.

A journal article with 3 authors

Butler, S. J., Vickery, J. A., & Norris, K. (2007). Farmland biodiversity and the footprint of agriculture. Science (New York, N.Y.), 315(5810), 381–384.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Reilly, D. J., Taylor, J. M., Petta, J. R., Marcus, C. M., Hanson, M. P., & Gossard, A. C. (2008). Suppressing spin qubit dephasing by nuclear state preparation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5890), 817–821.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Khouw, M. C., & Guthner, M. W. (2016). The Options Edge + Free Trial. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Demazeau, Y., Müller, J. P., Rodríguez, J. M. C., & Pérez, J. B. (Eds.). (2012). Advances on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems: 10th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (Vol. 155). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Levin, E. D., Hall, B. J., & Rezvani, A. H. (2015). Heterogeneity Across Brain Regions and Neurotransmitter Interactions with Nicotinic Effects on Memory Function. In D. J. K. Balfour & M. R. Munafò (Eds.), The Neurobiology and Genetics of Nicotine and Tobacco (pp. 87–101). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Interactive Learning Environments.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, December 15). First Edition Of Newton’s Principia Mathematica Becomes World’s Most Expensive Science Book. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/first-edition-of-newton-s-principia-mathematica-becomes-world-s-most-expensive-science-book/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1976). Student Attrition at the Five Federal Service Academies - Enclosure C (FPCD-76-12C). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Okada, H. (2008). Modulation of BACE1 by a novel sorting nexin in Alzheimer’s disease [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira, S. (2016, December 23). The Comforts of Jane. New York Times, BR25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Edwards, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Edwards, 2014; Greenwood & Owusu-Agyei, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Greenwood & Owusu-Agyei, 2012)
Three authors: (Butler et al., 2007)
6 or more authors: (Reilly et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Interactive Learning Environments
Abbreviation	Interact. Learn. Environ.
ISSN (print)	1049-4820
ISSN (online)	1744-5191
Scope	Computer Science Applications Education