How to format your references using the Intelligence citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Intelligence. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Batista, V. S. (2009). Chemistry. Energy flow under control. Science (New York, N.Y.), 326(5950), 245–246.

A journal article with 2 authors

Price, W. N., 2nd, & Rai, A. K. (2015). Drug Development. Are trade secrets delaying biosimilars? Science (New York, N.Y.), 348(6231), 188–189.

A journal article with 3 authors

Branch, T. A., Hively, D. J., & Hilborn, R. (2013). Is the ocean food provision index biased? Nature, 495(7442), E5-6; discussion E7.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Tobias, J. A., Bates, J. M., Hackett, S. J., & Seddon, N. (2008). Comment on “The latitudinal gradient in recent speciation and extinction rates of birds and mammals.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5865), 901; author reply 901.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eales, L.-J. (2005). Immunology for Life Scientists. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Henriques, E., Pecas, P., & Silva, A. (Eds.). (2014). Technology and Manufacturing Process Selection: The Product Life Cycle Perspective. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Hu, R.-J., Cao, B.-Y., & Zhang, G.-Y. (2014). Posynomial Geometric Programming with Fuzzy Coefficients. In B.-Y. Cao & H. Nasseri (Eds.), Fuzzy Information & Engineering and Operations Research & Management (pp. 43–49). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Intelligence.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, January 24). Mantis shrimp see things differently... literally. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mantis-shrimp-see-things-differently-literally/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). Transportation Infrastructure: Major Program Revisions Present Challenges (T-RCED-92-93). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Huynhle, M. (2017). High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Increases Resilience against Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection in Drosophila Larvae [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B. (2016, December 21). Nielsen, Highlighting Value of Data, Is Buying Gracenote for $560 Million. New York Times, B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Batista, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Batista, 2009; Price & Rai, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Price & Rai, 2015)
Three authors: (Branch et al., 2013)
6 or more authors: (Tobias et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Intelligence
Abbreviation	Intelligence
ISSN (print)	0160-2896
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Developmental and Educational Psychology Experimental and Cognitive Psychology

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