How to format your references using the Instructional Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Instructional Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Foster, I. (2005). Service-oriented science. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5723), 814–817.

A journal article with 2 authors

Weston, C. R., & Davis, R. J. (2001). Signal transduction: signaling specificity- a complex affair. Science (New York, N.Y.), 292(5526), 2439–2440.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schön, J. H., Meng, H., & Bao, Z. (2001). Self-assembled monolayer organic field-effect transistors. Nature, 413(6857), 713–716.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Getz, G., Höfling, H., Mesirov, J. P., Golub, T. R., Meyerson, M., Tibshirani, R., & Lander, E. S. (2007). Comment on “The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 317(5844), 1500.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Noar, J. (2014). Interceptive Orthodontics. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Ellis-Monaghan, J. A. (2013). Graphs on Surfaces: Dualities, Polynomials, and Knots. (I. Moffatt, Ed.). New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Sheikh, M. A., & Erlich, Y. (2012). Base-Calling for Bioinformaticians. In N. Rodríguez-Ezpeleta, M. Hackenberg, & A. M. Aransay (Eds.), Bioinformatics for High Throughput Sequencing (pp. 67–83). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Instructional Science.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014, March 20). Craters From Double Asteroid Impact Identified. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Weather Satellites: The U.S. Geostationary Satellite Program Is at a Crossroad (No. T-NSIAD-91-49). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Arens, J. L. (2015). Power, Oppression, and Group Difference Interrogation: A Call to Social Justice Movement Organizations (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. (2013, November 4). Off Without a Hitch. New York Times, p. F1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Foster 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Foster 2005; Weston and Davis 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Weston and Davis 2001)
Three or more authors: (Getz et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Instructional Science
Abbreviation	Instr. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0020-4277
ISSN (online)	1573-1952
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Education