How to format your references using the Instructional Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Instructional Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brody, H. (2015). Biomaterials. Nature, 519(7544), S1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Anikeeva, P., & Koppes, R. A. (2015). BIOENGINEERING. Restoring the sense of touch. Science (New York, N.Y.), 350(6258), 274–275.

A journal article with 3 authors

Selmecki, A., Forche, A., & Berman, J. (2006). Aneuploidy and isochromosome formation in drug-resistant Candida albicans. Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5785), 367–370.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Bourgoin, M., Ouellette, N. T., Xu, H., Berg, J., & Bodenschatz, E. (2006). The role of pair dispersion in turbulent flow. Science (New York, N.Y.), 311(5762), 835–838.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Utsuro, M., & Ignatovich, V. K. (2010). Handbook of Neutron Optics. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Caccavale, F. (2011). Control and Monitoring of Chemical Batch Reactors. (M. Iamarino, F. Pierri, & V. Tufano, Eds.). London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Duarte, E. (2012). The Way of Lao-Tzu. In E. M. Duarte (Ed.), Being and Learning: A Poetic Phenomenology of Education (pp. 45–67). Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Instructional Science.

Blog post

Bedell-Pearce, H. (2017, May 17). We Might Be About To Ruin Sushi For You Forever. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/we-might-be-about-to-ruin-sushi-for-you-forever/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2008). Information Technology: DOD and VA Have Increased Their Sharing of Health Information, but Further Actions Are Needed (No. GAO-08-1158T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bryant, M. G. (2017). The Development of the Massive Open Online Course Virtual Learning Environment Scale (MVLE) and Model to Measure Satisfaction of MOOC Online Learning Courses in Higher Education: A Mixed Methods Study (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S. K. (2003, February 22). World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Judge From 1993 Standoff Returns To Post. New York Times, p. A5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brody 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Anikeeva and Koppes 2015; Brody 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Anikeeva and Koppes 2015)
Three or more authors: (Bourgoin et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Instructional Science
Abbreviation	Instr. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0020-4277
ISSN (online)	1573-1952
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Education