How to format your references using the Innovations in Education and Teaching International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Innovations in Education and Teaching International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Springer, T. A. (2002). Immunology. Retrospective: César Milstein (1927-2002). Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5571), 1253.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hemberger, M., & Pedersen, R. (2010). Stem cells. Epigenome disruptors. Science (New York, N.Y.), 330(6004), 598–599.

A journal article with 3 authors

Heywood, K. J., Naveira Garabato, A. C., & Stevens, D. P. (2002). High mixing rates in the abyssal Southern Ocean. Nature, 415(6875), 1011–1014.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Zhao, Y., Rodrigo, J., Hoveyda, A. H., & Snapper, M. L. (2006). Enantioselective silyl protection of alcohols catalysed by an amino-acid-based small molecule. Nature, 443(7107), 67–70.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kuo, S. M., Lee, B. H., & Tian, W. (2006). Real-Time Digital Signal Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Lupichev, L. N. (2015). Synergetics of Molecular Systems (A. V. Savin & V. N. Kadantsev, Eds.). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhang, W., Zhao, H., Jin, Z., & Mei, H. (2011). Towards a More Fundamental Explanation of Constraints in Feature Models: A Requirement-Oriented Approach. In K. Schmid (Ed.), Top Productivity through Software Reuse: 12th International Conference on Software Reuse, ICSR 2011, Pohang, South Korea, June 13-17, 2011. Proceedings (pp. 36–51). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Innovations in Education and Teaching International.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2016, November 8). Oxytocin-Lowering Medical Conditions May Reduce Empathy. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/oxytocin-lowering-medical-condition-may-reduce-empathy/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1988). Production and Quality of Education Information (T-PEMD-88-4). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bonilla, E. (2017). Parental Employment Status and Child Feeding Practices Among African American and Latina Adolescent Girls [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K. (2008, March 30). Middle Eastern Munch. New York Times, NJ12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Springer, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Hemberger & Pedersen, 2010; Springer, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hemberger & Pedersen, 2010)
Three authors: (Heywood et al., 2002)
6 or more authors: (Zhao et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Innovations in Education and Teaching International
Abbreviation	Innov. Educ. Teach. Int.
ISSN (print)	1470-3297
ISSN (online)	1470-3300
Scope	Education