How to format your references using the Information Technology for Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information Technology for Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mitchell, K. (2010). Journal club. A neurodevelopmental geneticist explores how one mutation can lead to multiple diseases. Nature, 464(7292), 1107.

A journal article with 2 authors

MacLean, R. C., & Gudelj, I. (2006). Resource competition and social conflict in experimental populations of yeast. Nature, 441(7092), 498–501.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nicoll, R. A., Tomita, S., & Bredt, D. S. (2006). Auxiliary subunits assist AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Science (New York, N.Y.), 311(5765), 1253–1256.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kosynkin, D. V., Higginbotham, A. L., Sinitskii, A., Lomeda, J. R., Dimiev, A., Price, B. K., & Tour, J. M. (2009). Longitudinal unzipping of carbon nanotubes to form graphene nanoribbons. Nature, 458(7240), 872–876.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Radcliff, P. B. (2017). Modern Spain. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Ratto, C., Doglietto, G. B., Lowry, A. C., Påhlman, L., & Romano, G. (Eds.). (2007). Fecal Incontinence: Diagnosis and Treatment. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kristiansen, E., Pries-Heje, J., & Baskerville, R. L. (2014). Designing Scientific Creativity. In T. H. Commisso, J. Nørbjerg, & J. Pries-Heje (Eds.), Nordic Contributions in IS Research: 5th Scandinavian Conference on Information Systems, SCIS 2014, Ringsted, Denmark, August 10-13, 2014. Proceedings (pp. 44–57). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information Technology for Development.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2016, August 1). Australia’s “No Jab, No Pay” Vaccination Policy Seems To Be Working. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/australias-no-jab-no-pay-vaccination-policy-seems-to-be-working/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2013). Gas Pipeline Safety: Guidance and More Information Needed before Using Risk-Based Reassessment Intervals (GAO-13-577). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dennard, B. (2017). The Impact of Racial Centrality on Authenticity and the Race-Based Impression Management Strategies of Black Management Consultants [Doctoral dissertation]. George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. (2012, November 4). Quenching the Desire to Run. New York Times, D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mitchell, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (MacLean & Gudelj, 2006; Mitchell, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (MacLean & Gudelj, 2006)
Three authors: (Nicoll et al., 2006)
6 or more authors: (Kosynkin et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Information Technology for Development
Abbreviation	Inf. Technol. Dev.
ISSN (print)	0268-1102
ISSN (online)	1554-0170
Scope	Computer Science Applications Development Public Administration