How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Loewenstein G. Social science. The pleasures and pains of information. Science. 2006;312:704–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Bland PA, Artemieva NA. Efficient disruption of small asteroids by Earth’s atmosphere. Nature. 2003;424:288–91.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Biteau B, Labarre J, Toledano MB. ATP-dependent reduction of cysteine-sulphinic acid by S. cerevisiae sulphiredoxin. Nature. 2003;425:980–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Hubbert C, Guardiola A, Shao R, Kawaguchi Y, Ito A, Nixon A, et al. HDAC6 is a microtubule-associated deacetylase. Nature. 2002;417:455–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Habib MAR. Literary Criticism from Plato to the Present. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

1. Spaccapietra S, Atzeni P, Fages F, Hacid M-S, Kifer M, Mylopoulos J, et al., editors. Journal on Data Semantics IX. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Luna BQ, Blahut J, Kappes M, Akbas SO, Malet J-P, Remaître A, et al. Methods for Debris Flow Hazard and Risk Assessment. In: Van Asch T, Corominas J, Greiving S, Malet J-P, Sterlacchini S, editors. Mountain Risks: From Prediction to Management and Governance. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014. p. 133–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Universal Sperm Bank Would Strike at a Core Human Freedom [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/universal-sperm-bank-would-strike-core-human-freedom/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Promising Practice: Private Programs Guaranteeing Student Aid for Higher Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Jun. Report No.: PEMD-90-16.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Christiansen LM. The impact of high quality professional development on student achievement in the state of Missouri [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW. Pension Crisis in Puerto Rico Fleeces Young. New York Times. 2017 Mar 8;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Indian J. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	0254-8860
ISSN (online)	0975-0711
Scope	Gastroenterology