How to format your references using the Implementation Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Implementation Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Ellis J. Higgs boson: The need for new physics. Nature. 2012;481:24.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Liu HY, Gao X. A universal protein tag for delivery of SiRNA-aptamer chimeras. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3129.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Aminetzach YT, Macpherson JM, Petrov DA. Pesticide resistance via transposition-mediated adaptive gene truncation in Drosophila. Science. 2005;309:764–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Donato DC, Fontaine JB, Campbell JL, Robinson WD, Kauffman JB, Law BE. Post-wildfire logging hinders regeneration and increases fire risk. Science. 2006;311:352.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Halpert B. Auditing Cloud Computing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Zhang X, Qiao D, editors. Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness in Heterogeneous Networks: 7th International Conference on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness, QShine 2010, and Dedicated Short Range Communications Workshop, DSRC 2010, Houston, TX, USA, November 17-19, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Salem O, Vaton S, Gravey A. A Novel Approach for Anomaly Detection over High-Speed Networks. In: Siris V, Anagnostakis K, Ioannidis S, Trimintzios P, editors. Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Computer Network Defense. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009. p. 49–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Implementation Science.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. The Magnetic Field Across The Magellanic Clouds Has Been Mapped for the First Time [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/first-ever-map-of-the-magnetic-field-across-the-magellanic-clouds/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Leadership and Partnerships Result in Limited Rollover Disruptions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000 Jan. Report No.: T-AIMD-00-70.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Gupta P. Enhanced acquisition of data in the presence of transfaulty nodes in a wireless sensor network [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Harris K. Market Report; Stripes on Stripes. New York Times. 2017 May 9;ST3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Implementation Science
Abbreviation	Implement. Sci.
ISSN (online)	1748-5908
Scope	General Medicine Health Informatics Health Policy Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health