How to format your references using the Implementation Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Implementation Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Kaplan K. Unmasking the impostor. Nature. 2009;459:468–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Pérez-Gussinyé M, Watts AB. The long-term strength of Europe and its implications for plate-forming processes. Nature. 2005;436:381–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Arnqvist G, Jones TM, Elgar MA. Insect behaviour: reversal of sex roles in nuptial feeding. Nature. 2003;424:387.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Passino MA, Adams RA, Sikorski SL, Akassoglou K. Regulation of hepatic stellate cell differentiation by the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR. Science. 2007;315:1853–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Marroni L, Perdomo I. Pricing and Hedging Financial Derivatives. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

1. Germanakos P. Human-Centred Web Adaptation and Personalization: From Theory to Practice. 1st ed. 2016. Belk M, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Turner B. Other Organs Related to the UN. In: Turner B, editor. The Statesman’s Yearbook: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World 2013. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2012. p. 24–6.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Implementation Science.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Solar Plane Is About To Embark On A Round-The-World Trip [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/solar-plane-about-embark-round-world-trip/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Data Center Consolidation: Agencies Need to Complete Inventories and Plans to Achieve Expected Savings. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011 Jul. Report No.: GAO-11-565.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. De Felice D. A Phenomenological Study of Teaching Endangered Languages Online: Perspectives from Nahua and Mayan Educators [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Eligon J. From Angry Student to Board Member. New York Times. 2017 Jul 24;A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Implementation Science
Abbreviation	Implement. Sci.
ISSN (online)	1748-5908
Scope	General Medicine Health Informatics Health Policy Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health