How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

C. D. Wolinetz, “Implementing the new U.S. dual-use policy,” Science, vol. 336, no. 6088, pp. 1525–1527, Jun. 2012.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

K. Chen and P. S. Baran, “Total synthesis of eudesmane terpenes by site-selective C-H oxidations,” Nature, vol. 459, no. 7248, pp. 824–828, Jun. 2009.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. E. Peters, D. C. Kelly, and A. J. Fraass, “Oceanographic controls on the diversity and extinction of planktonic foraminifera,” Nature, vol. 493, no. 7432, pp. 398–401, Jan. 2013.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

I. Okamoto et al., “Evidence for de novo imprinted X-chromosome inactivation independent of meiotic inactivation in mice,” Nature, vol. 438, no. 7066, pp. 369–373, Nov. 2005.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J.-M. Franssen and P. V. Real, Fire Design of Steel Structures. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

I. Kriz, Introduction to Mathematical Analysis. Basel: Springer, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J. Stamper, T. Barnes, and M. Croy, “Enhancing the Automatic Generation of Hints with Expert Seeding,” in Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 10th International Conference, ITS 2010, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, June 14-18, 2010, Proceedings, Part II, V. Aleven, J. Kay, and J. Mostow, Eds., in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. , Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010, pp. 31–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “Desert Beetles ‘Drink’ Fog,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/fog-nets-trap-water-and-beer/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Screening Partnership Program: TSA Can Benefit from Improved Cost Estimates,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GAO-16-19, Nov. 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K. Ponder, “Easing Stress by Helping Others: How Corporate Volunteer Programs Impact the Stress of Employees Within an Organization,” Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Gorman, “The Power of the Bumblebee Brain,” New York Times, p. D6, Feb. 23, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Signal Process.
ISSN (print)	1053-587X
Scope	Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering