How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

B. Danger, “Don’t stop me now,” Nature, vol. 445, no. 7125, pp. 334–335, Jan. 2007.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D. Meder and K. Simons, “Cell biology. Ras on the roundabout,” Science, vol. 307, no. 5716, pp. 1731–1733, Mar. 2005.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

I. Joughin, W. Abdalati, and M. Fahnestock, “Large fluctuations in speed on Greenland’s Jakobshavn Isbrae glacier,” Nature, vol. 432, no. 7017, pp. 608–610, Dec. 2004.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

P. Nemec, J. Altmann, S. Marhold, H. Burda, and H. H. Oelschlager, “Neuroanatomy of magnetoreception: the superior colliculus involved in magnetic orientation in a mammal,” Science, vol. 294, no. 5541, pp. 366–368, Oct. 2001.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

G. Morales and C. Kacher, Short Selling with the O’Neil Disciples. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

S. Etalle and M. Truszczyński, Eds., Logic Programming: 22nd International Conference, ICLP 2006, Seattle, WA, USA, August 17-20, 2006. Proceedings, vol. 4079. in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4079. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

B. Draskoczy, “Fitness Distance Correlation and Search Space Analysis for Permutation Based Problems,” in Evolutionary Computation in Combinatorial Optimization: 10th European Conference, EvoCOP 2010, Istanbul, Turkey, April 7-9, 2010. Proceedings, P. Cowling and P. Merz, Eds., in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. , Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010, pp. 47–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

Blog post

[1]

J. O`Callaghan, “Happy Birthday Philae: 7 Facts About The Amazing Comet Lander,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/space/happy-birthday-philae-7-thinks-weve-learned-historic-comet-landing/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Space Shuttle: Need to Sustain Launch Risk Assessment Process Improvements,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, NSIAD-96-73, Mar. 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

A. Koester, “It All Started on a Lake,” Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Kishkovsky, “A Love Letter to Putin (But It’s Not Addressed to Him),” New York Times, p. A4, Feb. 06, 2008.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Signal Process.
ISSN (print)	1053-587X
Scope	Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering