How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. J. Lu, “Early precision compound machine from ancient China,” Science, vol. 304, no. 5677, p. 1638, Jun. 2004.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S. Ahn and S. J. Lee, “Nanoparticle role on the repeatability of stimuli-responsive nanocomposites,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 6624, Oct. 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

O. Chaudhuri, S. H. Parekh, and D. A. Fletcher, “Reversible stress softening of actin networks,” Nature, vol. 445, no. 7125, pp. 295–298, Jan. 2007.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A. Mees et al., “Crystal structure of a photolyase bound to a CPD-like DNA lesion after in situ repair,” Science, vol. 306, no. 5702, pp. 1789–1793, Dec. 2004.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. Shamsuddin, Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Processes. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

S. Huang, Electromagnetic Ultrasonic Guided Waves, 1st ed. 2016. in Springer Series in Measurement Science and Technology. Singapore: Springer, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Crivellaro and F. H. Schweingruber, “Identification keys,” in Atlas of Wood, Bark and Pith Anatomy of Eastern Mediterranean Trees and Shrubs: with a Special Focus on Cyprus, F. H. Schweingruber, Ed., Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2013, pp. 37–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, “Our Gut Microbes Aren’t Nearly as Diverse as those of Hunter-Gatherers,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/our-gut-microbes-arent-nearly-diverse-those-hunter-gatherers/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “FDA’s Activities Involving Sanitation Conditions at Food Storage Warehouses,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 089465, Jul. 1974.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

T. M. Cox, “Is the Procurement Integrity Act ‘Important’ Enough for the Mandatory Disclosure Rule?: A Look at the Procurement Integrity Act and the Case for its Inclusion in the Mandatory Disclosure Rule,” Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Poniewozik, “A Debate? Or Rivals Just Trying to Go Viral?,” New York Times, p. A15, Oct. 10, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst.
ISSN (print)	2168-2291
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Networks and Communications Computer Science Applications Human-Computer Interaction Signal Processing Control and Systems Engineering Human Factors and Ergonomics