How to format your references using the Hypotheses in the Life Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hypotheses in the Life Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Cohen J. AIDS MEETING: South African Leader Declines to Join the Chorus on HIV and AIDS. Science (New York, N.Y.), (2000) 289(5477), 222a.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hezel DC, Russell SS. Comment on “ancient asteroids enriched in refractory inclusions.” Science (New York, N.Y.), (2008) 322(5904), 1050; author reply 1050.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Biankin AV, Piantadosi S, Hollingsworth SJ. Patient-centric trials for therapeutic development in precision oncology. Nature, (2015) 526(7573), 361–370.

A journal article with 10 or more authors

[1]

Mansy SS, Schrum JP, Krishnamurthy M, Tobé S, Treco DA, Szostak JW. Template-directed synthesis of a genetic polymer in a model protocell. Nature, (2008) 454(7200), 122–125.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Shook JR. The God Debates. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Qian D. Hierarchical Sliding Mode Control for Under-actuated Cranes: Design, Analysis and Simulation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Muller T, Liu Y, Mauw S, Zhang J. On Robustness of Trust Systems. In: Zhou J, Gal-Oz N, Zhang J, Gudes E, editors. Trust Management VIII: 8th IFIP WG 11.11 International Conference, IFIPTM 2014, Singapore, July 7-10, 2014. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. p. 44–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hypotheses in the Life Sciences.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. Gay Vultures Successfully Hatch An Egg In Amsterdam [Internet]. IFLScience(2017) [cited 2018 Oct 30] Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/gay-vultures-successfully-hatch-an-egg-in-amsterdam/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Update on State-Level Cramming Complaints and Enforcement Actions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Davis TE. Sedimentation solutions for the Port of Gulfport, MS. (2010)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Bittman M. Heavenly Earth. New York Times(2012) , MM50.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Hypotheses in the Life Sciences
ISSN (print)	2042-8960
Scope