How to format your references using the Hernia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hernia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zubairy MS (2007) Physics. Factoring numbers with waves. Science 316:554–555

A journal article with 2 authors

Carrete M, Tella JL (2013) High individual consistency in fear of humans throughout the adult lifespan of rural and urban burrowing owls. Sci Rep 3:3524

A journal article with 3 authors

Junker JP, Ziegler F, Rief M (2009) Ligand-dependent equilibrium fluctuations of single calmodulin molecules. Science 323:633–637

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Nash DR, Als TD, Maile R, et al (2008) A mosaic of chemical coevolution in a large blue butterfly. Science 319:88–90

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hessel V, Löwe H, Müller A, Kolb G (2005) Chemical Micro Process Engineering. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG

An edited book

Yang J, Ginige A, Mayr HC, Kutsche R-D (2009) Information Systems: Modeling, Development, and Integration: Third International United Information Systems Conference, UNISCON 2009, Sydney, Australia, April 21-24, 2009. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Kaburaki T (2015) Ocular Involvement. In: Ishigatsubo Y (ed) Behçet’s Disease: From Genetics to Therapies. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp 55–78

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hernia.

Blog post

Andrew D (2016) Heart Attack Deaths More Likely At Christmas. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/heart-attack-deaths-more-likely-at-christmas/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1978) Reasons for Funding Selected Entitlements Programs by Other Than 1-Year Appropriations. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bourne BB (2009) Phenomenological study of response to organizational change: Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Branch J (2017) Why Durant Wears 35. New York Times SP1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Hernia
Abbreviation	Hernia
ISSN (print)	1265-4906
ISSN (online)	1248-9204
Scope	Surgery