How to format your references using the Hepatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hepatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Klein J. Smart polymer solutions. Nature. 2000;405:745, 747.

A journal article with 2 authors

Inamdar AA, Bennett JW. A common fungal volatile organic compound induces a nitric oxide mediated inflammatory response in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci. Rep. 2014;4:3833.

A journal article with 3 authors

Meloso D, Copic J, Bossaerts P. Promoting intellectual discovery: patents versus markets. Science. 2009;323:1335–1339.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lam H, Oh D-C, Cava F, Takacs CN, Clardy J, de Pedro MA, et al. D-amino acids govern stationary phase cell wall remodeling in bacteria. Science. 2009;325:1552–1555.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stahl S. Real Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Chan K. Practical CakePHP Projects. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Cho EJ, Rajendran M, Ellington AD. Aptamers as Emerging Probes for Macromolecular Sensing. In: Geddes CD, Lakowicz JR, editors. Advanced Concepts in Fluorescence Sensing: Part B: Macromolecular Sensing. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2005. p. 127–155.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hepatology.

Blog post

Andrews R. Hidden World Discovered Buried Beneath Antarctica [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/subglacial-antarctic-lake-full-microbial-cells-could-just-be-decades-old/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Worker Identification Credential: Card Reader Pilot Results Are Unreliable; Security Benefits Need to Be Reassessed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lewis DS. Global Educational Ecosystem: Case study of a partnership with K–12 schools, community organizations, and business. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly K. THE WAY WE LIVE: 11-23-08: Becoming Screen Literate. New York Times. 2008;MM48.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Hepatology
Abbreviation	Hepatology
ISSN (print)	0270-9139
ISSN (online)	1527-3350
Scope	Hepatology