How to format your references using the Hepatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hepatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Spiegelhalter DJ. Statistics. The future lies in uncertainty. Science. 2014;345:264–265.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brosnan SF, De Waal FBM. Monkeys reject unequal pay. Nature. 2003;425:297–299.

A journal article with 3 authors

Alexander MH, Capecchi G, Werner H-J. Theoretical study of the validity of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in the Cl + H2 --> HCl + H reaction. Science. 2002;296:715–718.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sata N, Eberman K, Eberl K, Maier J. Mesoscopic fast ion conduction in nanometre-scale planar heterostructures. Nature. 2000;408:946–949.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wernecke R. Industrielle Feuchtemessung. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2003.

An edited book

Warren R, Menter A, editors. Handbook of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Feller D, Peterson KA, Ruscic B. Improved accuracy benchmarks of small molecules using correlation consistent basis sets. In: Wilson AK, Peterson KA, Woon DE, editors. Thom H. Dunning, Jr: A Festschrift from Theoretical Chemistry Accounts. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015. p. 31–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hepatology.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Mystery Of Massive “Bubble” In The Night Sky Remains Unsolved [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/mystery-of-massive-bubble-in-the-night-sky-remains-unsolved/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Tax Systems Modernization: Concerns Over Security and Privacy Elements of the Systems Architecture. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zacher B. The roles of electrode contacts in organic photovoltaics. 2013;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Anderson J. A Call to ‘Respect the Feathers.’ New York Times. 2016;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Hepatology
Abbreviation	Hepatology
ISSN (print)	0270-9139
ISSN (online)	1527-3350
Scope	Hepatology