How to format your references using the Hepatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hepatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Beal MF. Parkinson’s disease: a model dilemma. Nature. 2010;466:S8-10.

A journal article with 2 authors

Philip N, Waters AP. Microbiology. Unveiling the malaria parasite’s cloak of invisibility? Science. 2013;340:936–937.

A journal article with 3 authors

Blumenstock J, Cadamuro G, On R. Predicting poverty and wealth from mobile phone metadata. Science. 2015;350:1073–1076.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Li X, Cai Z, Li Y, Zhang Y. Design and construction of a non-natural malate to 1,2,4-butanetriol pathway creates possibility to produce 1,2,4-butanetriol from glucose. Sci. Rep. 2014;4:5541.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Reid R, Fraser-King G, Schwaderer WD. Data Lifecycles. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Deutsch U, Wolfrum R, editors. The European Court of Human Rights Overwhelmed by Applications: Problems and Possible Solutions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

AbuRahma AF. Overview of Cerebrovascular Disease. In: AbuRahma AF, Bergan JJ, editors. Noninvasive Vascular Diagnosis: A Practical Guide to Therapy. London: Springer; 2007. p. 33–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hepatology.

Blog post

Fang J. Humans May Have Traded Brawn for Brains [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/humans-may-have-traded-brawn-brains/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Impacts of Closing Meigs Field Airport. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Baker NS. Bridging the Gap: Finding the Language of Soul. 2012;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Moscow Talking of Arson As Fire Toll Climbs to 36. New York Times. 2003;A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Hepatology
Abbreviation	Hepatology
ISSN (print)	0270-9139
ISSN (online)	1527-3350
Scope	Hepatology