How to format your references using the Heliyon citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heliyon. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

E. Russo, New lease of life for tropical medicine, Nature 428 (2004) 966–967.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S.C. Dufour, H. Felbeck, Sulphide mining by the superextensile foot of symbiotic thyasirid bivalves, Nature 426 (2003) 65–67.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M.J. Ellwood, M. Wille, W. Maher, Glacial silicic acid concentrations in the Southern Ocean, Science 330 (2010) 1088–1091.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A. Camacho, J.K.W. Lee, B.J. Hensen, J. Braun, Short-lived orogenic cycles and the eclogitization of cold crust by spasmodic hot fluids, Nature 435 (2005) 1191–1196.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A. Keene, Keene on the Market, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

A. Assalia, M. Gagner, M. Schein, eds., Controversies in Laparoscopic Surgery, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Y. Zheng, S. Jamil, Beyond Efficiency: China’s Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Initiatives vis-à-vis Human Development, in: M. Caballero-Anthony, Y. Chang, N.A. Putra (Eds.), Rethinking Energy Security in Asia: A Non-Traditional View of Human Security, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012: pp. 79–98.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heliyon.

Blog post

[1]

J. O`Callaghan, Feast Your Eyes On The World’s Biggest Plane, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/space/feast-your-eyes-on-the-worlds-biggest-plane/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Space Station: Improving NASA’s Planning for External Maintenance, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

D. Ritter, The EU and conflict: Critically assessing the success of the ESDP and its impact in conflict areas, Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Paulson, ‘Great Comet’ Shines Bright, New York Times (2017) C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Heliyon
Abbreviation	Heliyon
ISSN (print)	2405-8440
Scope