How to format your references using the HEC Forum citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for HEC Forum. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lawler, A. (2014). In search of Green Arabia. Science (New York, N.Y.), 345(6200), 994–997.

A journal article with 2 authors

Moreno, N. P., & Erdmann, D. B. (2010). SPORE: Science Prize for Online Resources in Education. Addressing science teacher needs. Science (New York, N.Y.), 327(5973), 1589–1590.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bates, M. E., Simmons, J. A., & Zorikov, T. V. (2011). Bats use echo harmonic structure to distinguish their targets from background clutter. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6042), 627–630.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Veldhoen, M., Hirota, K., Westendorf, A. M., Buer, J., Dumoutier, L., Renauld, J.-C., & Stockinger, B. (2008). The aryl hydrocarbon receptor links TH17-cell-mediated autoimmunity to environmental toxins. Nature, 453(7191), 106–109.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tang, C. (2016). The Data Industry: The Business and Economics of Information and Big Data. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Fairweather, A. (Ed.). (2014). Virtue Epistemology Naturalized: Bridges Between Virtue Epistemology and Philosophy of Science (Vol. 366). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Moschner, B., Anschuetz, A., Wernke, S., & Wagener, U. (2008). Measurement of Epistemological Beliefs and Learning Strategies of Elementary School Children. In M. S. Khine (Ed.), Knowing, Knowledge and Beliefs: Epistemological Studies across Diverse Cultures (pp. 113–133). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for HEC Forum.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2016, June 9). Internal Compass Guides Deer Fleeing From Carnivores. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/internal-compass-guides-deer-fleeing-from-carnivores/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2004). Commercial Aviation: Legacy Airlines Must Further Reduce Costs to Restore Profitability (No. GAO-04-836). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Richardson, M. M. (2013). Challenging the South’s black-white binary: Haliwa-Saponi Indians and political autonomy (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dorman, J. L. (2017, August 18). From Small Plates, Inspiration Goes Beyond the Local Scene. New York Times, p. TR9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lawler 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Lawler 2014; Moreno and Erdmann 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Moreno and Erdmann 2010)
Three or more authors: (Veldhoen et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	HEC Forum
Abbreviation	HEC Forum
ISSN (print)	0956-2737
ISSN (online)	1572-8498
Scope	Health Policy Issues, ethics and legal aspects Health(social science)