How to format your references using the HEC Forum citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for HEC Forum. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Maxmen, A. (2011). Pharmacogenomics: playing the odds. Nature, 474(7350), S9-10.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kelleher, R. J., 3rd, & Shen, J. (2010). Genetics. Gamma-secretase and human disease. Science (New York, N.Y.), 330(6007), 1055–1056.

A journal article with 3 authors

Whiten, A., Horner, V., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2005). Conformity to cultural norms of tool use in chimpanzees. Nature, 437(7059), 737–740.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Hamm, C. E., Merkel, R., Springer, O., Jurkojc, P., Maier, C., Prechtel, K., & Smetacek, V. (2003). Architecture and material properties of diatom shells provide effective mechanical protection. Nature, 421(6925), 841–843.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Murdoch, I., Turpin, S., Johnston, B., MacLullich, A., & Losman, E. (2014). Geriatric Emergencies. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Sigalov, A. B. (Ed.). (2008). Multichain Immune Recognition Receptor Signaling: From Spatiotemporal Organization to Human Disease (Vol. 640). New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Curry, G. L., & Feldman, R. M. (2011). Processing Time Variability. In R. M. Feldman (Ed.), Manufacturing Systems Modeling and Analysis (pp. 109–123). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for HEC Forum.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2016, November 28). Watch A Gold Bar Get Crushed By A Hydraulic Press. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/watch-a-gold-bar-get-crushed-by-a-hydraulic-press/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1979). Immigration and Naturalization Service’s Survey of Illegal Aliens and Alien Documentation, Identification and Telecommunication System (No. 108959). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sarkar, D. (2008). Nanopass compiler infrastructure (Doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by. (2005, March 16). Arts, Briefly; Opera Dispute at Bolshoi. New York Times, p. E2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Maxmen 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Kelleher and Shen 2010; Maxmen 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kelleher and Shen 2010)
Three or more authors: (Hamm et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	HEC Forum
Abbreviation	HEC Forum
ISSN (print)	0956-2737
ISSN (online)	1572-8498
Scope	Health Policy Issues, ethics and legal aspects Health(social science)