How to format your references using the Heart citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heart. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Logothetis NK. What we can do and what we cannot do with fMRI. Nature. 2008;453:869–78.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hamilton DP, Krüger H. The sculpting of Jupiter’s gossamer rings by its shadow. Nature. 2008;453:72–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Klahr D, Zimmerman C, Jirout J. Educational interventions to advance children’s scientific thinking. Science. 2011;333:971–5.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Benvenuti F, Hugues S, Walmsley M, et al. Requirement of Rac1 and Rac2 expression by mature dendritic cells for T cell priming. Science. 2004;305:1150–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Veasey DA, McCormick LC, Hilyer BM, et al. Confined Space Entry and Emergency Response. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005.

An edited book

Montijano E. Distributed Consensus with Visual Perception in Multi-Robot Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Gertz O, McGlashan D. Consumer-Centric Programmatic Advertising. In: Busch O, ed. Programmatic Advertising: The Successful Transformation to Automated, Data-Driven Marketing in Real-Time. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2016:55–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heart.

Blog post

Luntz S. Signs Of Comets Detected Around A Sun-Like Star. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/signs-comets-detected-around-sun-star/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Student Loan Programs: Opportunities Exist to Improve Audit Requirements and Oversight Procedures. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nevin MJ. Addressing the Learning Outcomes and Assessment Methods Associated with Participation in Student Government Associations: A Qualitative Study of California Community Colleges. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy MJO. Weekend Entertainments From the Archives of The New York Times. New York Times. 2015;C29.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Heart
Abbreviation	Heart
ISSN (print)	1355-6037
ISSN (online)	1468-201X
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine