How to format your references using the Heart citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heart. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schapira M. STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY. Chromatin complex, crystal clear. Science. 2015;350:278–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Smethurst DP, Williams HC. Power laws. Are hospital waiting lists self-regulating? Nature. 2001;410:652–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wood MJ, Storz G, Tjandra N. Structural basis for redox regulation of Yap1 transcription factor localization. Nature. 2004;430:917–21.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Miller PJ, Biassoni N, Samuels A, et al. Whale songs lengthen in response to sonar. Nature. 2000;405:903.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kracke E-A, Lodde K. Leitfaden Straßenbrücken. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2011.

An edited book

Burstow B, editor. Psychiatry Interrogated: An Institutional Ethnography Anthology. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Lambrides CJ, Godwin ID. Mungbean. In: Kole C, ed. Pulses, Sugar and Tuber Crops. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2007:69–90.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heart.

Blog post

Davis J. EPA Accidentally Contaminates River With Millions Of Gallons Of Toxic Waste. IFLScience. 2015. (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Title 6 T&A Data (NASA). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bigler WH. Increased substance abuse treatment for adolescents. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M. Nonstop Days, a Red Carpet Night. New York Times. 2013;E1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Heart
Abbreviation	Heart
ISSN (print)	1355-6037
ISSN (online)	1468-201X
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine