How to format your references using the Heart citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heart. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hoag H. Gene therapy rising? Nature. 2005;435:530–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Braun-Munzinger P, Stachel J. The quest for the quark-gluon plasma. Nature. 2007;448:302–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Seymour RS, White CR, Gibernau M. Environmental biology: heat reward for insect pollinators. Nature. 2003;426:243–4.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Farooqi IS, Keogh JM, Kamath S, et al. Partial leptin deficiency and human adiposity. Nature. 2001;414:34–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schumann W. Dynamics of the Bacterial Chromosome. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2006.

An edited book

Kothari V, editor. Proceedings of the 1982 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Piet J, Fjorback L, Santorelli S. What Is Required to Teach Mindfulness Effectively in MBSR and MBCT? In: Shonin E, Gordon WV, Griffiths MD, eds. Mindfulness and Buddhist-Derived Approaches in Mental Health and Addiction. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2016:61–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heart.

Blog post

Andrew E. Why Should We Place Our Faith In Science? IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/why-should-we-place-our-faith-science/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Worker Identification Credential: Internal Control Weaknesses Need to Be Corrected to Help Achieve Security Objectives. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fletcher B. Tropes of Dis/Ableism as Flexible Stigma: Examining Brenda Connors’ 2008 Report as an Instance of Dis/Ableist Polemical Rhetoric. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt LF. After 63 Years, A Boardwalk Is Back. New York Times. 2007;LI11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Heart
Abbreviation	Heart
ISSN (print)	1355-6037
ISSN (online)	1468-201X
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine