How to format your references using the Health Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Health Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Shubik M. 2015. RETROSPECTIVE. John Forbes Nash Jr. (1928-2015). Science (New York, N.Y.) 348(6241): 1324.

A journal article with 2 authors

Medema JP, Vermeulen L. 2011. Microenvironmental regulation of stem cells in intestinal homeostasis and cancer. Nature 474(7351): 318–326.

A journal article with 3 authors

Arash B, Wang Q, Varadan VK. 2014. Mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/polymer composites. Scientific Reports 4: 6479.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wu G, Chen H, Sun Y, Li X, Cui P, Franchini C, Wang J, Chen X-Q, Zhang Z. 2013. Tuning the vertical location of helical surface states in topological insulator heterostructures via dual-proximity effects. Scientific Reports 3: 1233.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nemethy L. 2011. Business Exit Planning. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Jimenez J. 2016. Spectroscopic Analysis of Optoelectronic Semiconductors. Tomm JW (ed). Springer International Publishing: Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Kiyomoto H, Kobori H, Nishiyama A. 2011. Renin-Angiotensin System in the Kidney and Oxidative Stress: Local Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Oxidative Stress in the Kidney, In Studies on Renal Disorders, Miyata T, Eckardt K-U, Nangaku M (eds). Humana Press: Totowa, NJ; 71–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Health Economics.

Blog post

Hale T. 2016. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festivals Are Becoming Threatened By Beetles. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/japan-cherry-blossom-festival-becoming-threatened-beetles/ [Accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2009. Survey of Metropolitan Planning Organizations (GAO-09-867SP, September 2009), an E-supplement to GAO-09-868. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dovale MJ. 2013. Postwar Japan’s Hybrid Modernity of in-Betweenness: Historical, Literary, and Social Perspectives. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gardiner K. 2016. Sing, Memory. New York Times: BR10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Shubik, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Shubik, 2015; Medema and Vermeulen, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Medema and Vermeulen, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Wu et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Health Economics
Abbreviation	Health Econ.
ISSN (online)	1099-1050
Scope	Health Policy