How to format your references using the Global and Planetary Change citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Global and Planetary Change. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Polishchuk, L.V., 2002. Ecology. Conservation priorities for Russian mammals. Science 297, 1123.

A journal article with 2 authors

Slabbekoorn, H., Peet, M., 2003. Ecology: Birds sing at a higher pitch in urban noise. Nature 424, 267.

A journal article with 3 authors

Losos, J.B., Hillis, D.M., Greene, H.W., 2012. Evolution. Who speaks with a forked tongue? Science 338, 1428–1429.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Holtzendorff, J., Hung, D., Brende, P., Reisenauer, A., Viollier, P.H., McAdams, H.H., Shapiro, L., 2004. Oscillating global regulators control the genetic circuit driving a bacterial cell cycle. Science 304, 983–987.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mainardi, R.L., 2011. Harnessing the Power of Continuous Auditing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Herskovic, V., Hoppe, H.U., Jansen, M., Ziegler, J. (Eds.), 2012. Collaboration and Technology: 18th International Conference, CRIWG 2012 Raesfeld, Germany, September 16-19, 2012 Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Seo, S.-J., 2016. Teaching Efficacy Belief as a New Paradigm for Teacher Career Development and Professionalism in Korea, in: Garvis, S., Pendergast, D. (Eds.), Asia-Pacific Perspectives on Teacher Self-Efficacy. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp. 53–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Global and Planetary Change.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2016. Watch Live As Juno Enters Orbit Around Jupiter Tonight [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/watch-live-juno-enters-orbit-around-jupiter/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1988. The Times and Space: An Interview With Michael Collins (No. 137888). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moshfegh, N., 2014. The multidimensional wellbeing assessment: Preliminary validation in an Iranian sample (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S.K., 2002. World Business Briefing | Europe: Russia: Genetics Rule Considered. New York Times W1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Polishchuk, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Polishchuk, 2002; Slabbekoorn and Peet, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Slabbekoorn and Peet, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Holtzendorff et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Global and Planetary Change
Abbreviation	Glob. Planet. Change
ISSN (print)	0921-8181
Scope	Oceanography Global and Planetary Change