How to format your references using the Geosciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geosciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baker, J. Cassini at Enceladus. Tiger, Tiger, Burning Bright. Science 2006, 311, 1388.

A journal article with 2 authors

Long, M.A.; Fee, M.S. Using Temperature to Analyse Temporal Dynamics in the Songbird Motor Pathway. Nature 2008, 456, 189–194.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ladet, S.; David, L.; Domard, A. Multi-Membrane Hydrogels. Nature 2008, 452, 76–79.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bilic, J.; Huang, Y.-L.; Davidson, G.; Zimmermann, T.; Cruciat, C.-M.; Bienz, M.; Niehrs, C. Wnt Induces LRP6 Signalosomes and Promotes Dishevelled-Dependent LRP6 Phosphorylation. Science 2007, 316, 1619–1622.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jain, R.K.; Triandis, H.C.; Weick, C.W. Managing Research, Development, and Innovation; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2010; ISBN 9780470917275.

An edited book

Hull, E. Requirements Engineering; Jackson, K., Dick, J., Eds.; Springer: London, 2011; ISBN 9781849964043.

A chapter in an edited book

Hwang, Y.T.; Chu, C.N. The Design of Adaptive Error Feedback Music Ear-Training System with Image Cues. In Human-Computer Interaction. Users and Applications: 14th International Conference, HCI International 2011, Orlando, FL, USA, July 9-14, 2011, Proceedings, Part IV; Jacko, J.A., Ed.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011; pp. 35–38 ISBN 9783642216183.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geosciences.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Novel Treatment May Provide Broad Protection Against Flu Viruses Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/novel-treatment-may-provide-broad-protection-against-flu-viruses/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Attack Warning: ADP and Communication Modernization Programs for Warning and Assessment; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1987;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hannington, R.L. Power and Display in the Court Music of Augustus the Strong: The Influences Affecting the Composition of Johann David Heinichens’s Sinfonias. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2011.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G.G. Superman at 75: Still Going Strong. New York Times 2013, C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Geosciences
Abbreviation	Geosciences (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2076-3263
Scope