How to format your references using the Geological Society, London, Memoirs citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geological Society, London, Memoirs. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rychert, C.A. 2015. Earth science: The slippery base of a tectonic plate. Nature, 518, 39–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lubenov, E.V. and Siapas, A.G. 2009. Hippocampal theta oscillations are travelling waves. Nature, 459, 534–539.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aharonian, F.A., Bogovalov, S.V. and Khangulyan, D. 2012. Abrupt acceleration of a ‘cold’ ultrarelativistic wind from the Crab pulsar. Nature, 482, 507–509.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Yu, R.C., Pesce, C.G., et al. 2008. Negative feedback that improves information transmission in yeast signalling. Nature, 456, 755–761.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chartered Institute of Building. 2014. Code of Practice for Project Management for Construction and Development.

An edited book

Miyata, T., Eckardt, K.-U. and Nangaku, M. (eds). 2011. Studies on Renal Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice.

A chapter in an edited book

Hailu, R. and Ito, T. 2014. Optimal Preference Clustering Technique for Scalable Multiagent Negotiation(Short Paper). In: Ali, M., Pan, J.-S., Chen, S.-M. and Horng, M.-F. (eds) Modern Advances in Applied Intelligence: 27th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, IEA/AIE 2014, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, June 3-6, 2014, Proceedings, Part I. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 43–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geological Society, London, Memoirs.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2014. Why We Should Mine The Moon. IFLSciencehttps://www.iflscience.com/space/why-we-should-mine-moon/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2007. Drug Testing: Undercover Tests Reveal Significant Vulnerabilities in DOT’s Drug Testing Program. GAO-08-225T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gillespie, L. 2014. Trust in Leadership: Investigation of Andragogical Learning and Implications for Student Placement Outcomes. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, J. 2017. Sex, Drugs and Archie. New York Times, C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rychert 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Lubenov and Siapas 2009; Rychert 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lubenov and Siapas 2009)
Three or more authors: (Yu et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geological Society, London, Memoirs
Abbreviation	Geol. Soc. Lond. Mem.
ISSN (print)	0435-4052
ISSN (online)	2041-4722
Scope	Geology