How to format your references using the Genetics in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Genetics in Medicine (GIM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McLeod HL. Cancer pharmacogenomics: early promise, but concerted effort needed. Science. 2013;339(6127):1563-1566.

A journal article with 2 authors

Williams BG, Dye C. Antiretroviral drugs for tuberculosis control in the era of HIV/AIDS. Science. 2003;301(5639):1535-1537.

A journal article with 3 authors

Faehnle CR, Walleshauser J, Joshua-Tor L. Mechanism of Dis3l2 substrate recognition in the Lin28-let-7 pathway. Nature. 2014;514(7521):252-256.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Nunoura T, Chikaraishi Y, Izaki R, et al. A primordial and reversible TCA cycle in a facultatively chemolithoautotrophic thermophile. Science. 2018;359(6375):559-563.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Elias HG. Macromolecules. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2006.

An edited book

Bartels N, ed. Applied Linguistics and Language Teacher Education. Vol 4. Springer US; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Gerard L, Liu OL, Corliss S, Varma K, Spitulnik M, Linn MC. Professional Development Programs for Teaching with Visualizations. In: Mouza C, Lavigne N, eds. Emerging Technologies for the Classroom: A Learning Sciences Perspective. Springer; 2013:63-78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Genetics in Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. A Lab In South Korea Will Clone Your Dog For $100,000. IFLScience. December 10, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/lab-south-korea-will-clone-your-dog-100000/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Traffic Congestion: Trends, Measures, and Effects. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dobson EC. Elizabeth C. Dobson Consulting and Design: A Business Plan for Aging-in-Place Resources. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dominus S. Double Lives. New York Times. July 9, 2015:MM34.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Genetics in Medicine
ISSN (print)	1098-3600
ISSN (online)	1530-0366
Scope