How to format your references using the Genetics in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Genetics in Medicine (GIM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Glaeser E. Cities, productivity, and quality of life. Science. 2011;333(6042):592-594.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mulch A, Chamberlain CP. Earth science: the rise and growth of Tibet. Nature. 2006;439(7077):670-671.

A journal article with 3 authors

Baier DB, Gatesy SM, Jenkins FA. A critical ligamentous mechanism in the evolution of avian flight. Nature. 2007;445(7125):307-310.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Li Q, Chen M, Perc M, Iqbal A, Abbott D. Effects of adaptive degrees of trust on coevolution of quantum strategies on scale-free networks. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2949.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Murphy DB, Davidson MW. Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Gkoulalas-Divanis A. Association Rule Hiding for Data Mining. Vol 41. (Verykios VS, ed.). Springer US; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhang Q, Canova M. Output Feedback Control of Automotive Air Conditioning System Using $$H_{\infty }$$ Technique. In: Li SE, Deng K, eds. Automotive Air Conditioning: Optimization, Control and Diagnosis. Springer International Publishing; 2016:73-95.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Genetics in Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J. Largest Ever Yellow Hypergiant Star Spotted. IFLScience. March 12, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/largest-ever-yellow-hypergiant-star-spotted/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Digital Broadcast Television Transition: Estimated Cost of Supporting Set-Top Boxes to Help Advance the DTV Transition. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bhavsar KS. Application of Wavelet on Quasi-Periodic Physiologic Signals. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. Strange Weather. New York Times. July 27, 2017:C11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Genetics in Medicine
ISSN (print)	1098-3600
ISSN (online)	1530-0366
Scope