How to format your references using the Genetics in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Genetics in Medicine (GIM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wadman M. Biochemist strikes gold. Nature. 2006;441(7094):689.

A journal article with 2 authors

Miller AI, Foote M. Increased longevities of post-Paleozoic marine genera after mass extinctions. Science. 2003;302(5647):1030-1032.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ha Y. Crystal structure of a rhomboid family intramembrane protease. Nature. 2006;444(7116):179-180.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chandran K, Sullivan NJ, Felbor U, Whelan SP, Cunningham JM. Endosomal proteolysis of the Ebola virus glycoprotein is necessary for infection. Science. 2005;308(5728):1643-1645.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vicat-Blanc P, Soudan S, Guillier R, Goglin B. Computing Networks. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2013.

An edited book

Paias A, Ruthmair M, Voß S, eds. Computational Logistics: 7th International Conference, ICCL 2016, Lisbon, Portugal, September 7-9, 2016, Proceedings. Vol 9855. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Broekens J, Harbers M, Hindriks K, van den Bosch K, Jonker C, Meyer JJ. Do You Get It? User-Evaluated Explainable BDI Agents. In: Dix J, Witteveen C, eds. Multiagent System Technologies: 8th German Conference, MATES 2010, Leipzig, Germany, September 27-29, 2010. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2010:28-39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Genetics in Medicine.

Blog post

Luntz S. Herbal Supplements Don’t Contain What They Claim. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Actions Needed on Electronic Data Exchanges. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Childers JW. Evaluating Parental Opinions of Healthy Snack Guidelines for Youth Soccer. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter J, Kitsantonis N. Tough Act to Follow. New York Times. March 20, 2017:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Genetics in Medicine
ISSN (print)	1098-3600
ISSN (online)	1530-0366
Scope