How to format your references using the Genes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Genes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Klironomos, J.N. Feedback with Soil Biota Contributes to Plant Rarity and Invasiveness in Communities. Nature 2002, 417, 67–70.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kornack, D.R.; Rakic, P. Cell Proliferation without Neurogenesis in Adult Primate Neocortex. Science 2001, 294, 2127–2130.

A journal article with 3 authors

Arash, B.; Wang, Q.; Varadan, V.K. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 6479.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Brun, V.H.; Otnass, M.K.; Molden, S.; Steffenach, H.-A.; Witter, M.P.; Moser, M.-B.; Moser, E.I. Place Cells and Place Recognition Maintained by Direct Entorhinal-Hippocampal Circuitry. Science 2002, 296, 2243–2246.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bojowald, M. The Universe: A View from Classical and Quantum Gravity; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany, 2012; ISBN 9783527667666.

An edited book

Krasińska, M. European Bison: The Nature Monograph; Krasiński, Z.A., Ed.; 2nd ed. 2013.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013; ISBN 9783642365546.

A chapter in an edited book

Rizvi, N.B.; Nagra, S.A. Materials and Methods. In Minerals and Lipids Profiles in Cardiovascular Disorders in South Asia: Cu, Mg, Se, Zn and Lipid Serum Profiles for the Example of Patients in Pakistan; Nagra, S.A., Ed.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014; pp. 67–75 ISBN 9783642342486.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Genes.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Pope Francis Climate Advocate: Reframing The Debate (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Green Information Technology: Agencies Have Taken Steps to Implement Requirements, but Additional Guidance on Measuring Performance Needed; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2011;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hunt, S.A. A Study of Health Care Payment Organizations’ Culture and Adaptability to Revolutionary Change. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University: Malibu, CA, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel, B. N.H.L.’s Olympics Stance Leaves Players Cold. New York Times 2017, B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Genes
Abbreviation	Genes (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2073-4425
Scope	Genetics Genetics(clinical)