How to format your references using the Gastrointestinal Tumors citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gastrointestinal Tumors. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Curran DP. Chemistry. Fluorous tags unstick messy chemical biology problems. Science. 2008 Sep;321(5896):1645–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Conrad CP, Lithgow-Bertelloni C. How mantle slabs drive plate tectonics. Science. 2002 Oct;298(5591):207–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Innocenti P, Morrow EH, Dowling DK. Experimental evidence supports a sex-specific selective sieve in mitochondrial genome evolution. Science. 2011 May;332(6031):845–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Dawson MR, Duda DG, Fukumura D, Jain RK. VEGFR1-activity-independent metastasis formation. Nature. 2009 Sep;461(7262):E4; discussion E5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ferrant J-L, Gilson M, Jobert S, Mayer M, Montini L, Ouellette M, et al. Synchronous Ethernet and IEEE 1588 in Telecoms. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Alpay D, Gohberg I, editors. Interpolation, Schur Functions and Moment Problems. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Daun H. Privatisation, Decentralisation and Governance in Education in the Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, and Sweden. In: Zajda J, editor. Decentralisation and Privatisation in Education: The Role of the State. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006; pp 75–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gastrointestinal Tumors.

Blog post

Taub B. Here’s How The World’s Surface Water Has Shifted In The Last 30 Years [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Aug [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/heres-how-worlds-surface-water-shifted-last-30-years/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Review Of Status Of Development Toward Establishment Of A Unified National Communications System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1969.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Buckingham T. Every teacher an English teacher? Literacy strategy teaching and research in the content area of science education. 2012

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B. Unshaken by Her Low Ranking, Wozniacki Easily Defeats Keys. New York Times. 2016 Sep;D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gastrointestinal Tumors
Abbreviation	Gastrointest. Tumors
ISSN (print)	2296-3774
ISSN (online)	2296-3766
Scope