How to format your references using the Gastrointestinal Tumors citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gastrointestinal Tumors. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Türler A. Nuclear chemistry: Lawrencium bridges a knowledge gap. Nature. 2015 Apr;520(7546):166–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Xu X, Norell MA. A new troodontid dinosaur from China with avian-like sleeping posture. Nature. 2004 Oct;431(7010):838–41.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ehrsson HH, Spence C, Passingham RE. That’s my hand! Activity in premotor cortex reflects feeling of ownership of a limb. Science. 2004 Aug;305(5685):875–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Shio MT, Paquet M, Martel C, Bosschaerts T, Stienstra S, Olivier M, et al. Drug delivery by tattooing to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis. Sci Rep. 2014 Feb;4:4156.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Goering H, Roos H-G, Tobiska L. Die Finite-Elemente-Methode für Anfänger. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2010.

An edited book

Yuen DA, Wang L, Chi X, Johnsson L, Ge W, Shi Y, editors. GPU Solutions to Multi-scale Problems in Science and Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Bobrov P, Frolov AA, Húsek D. Brain Computer Interface Enhancement by Independent Component Analysis. In: Kudělka M, Pokorný J, Snášel V, Abraham A, editors. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Human Computer Interaction (IHCI 2011), Prague, Czech Republic, August, 2011. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013; pp 51–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gastrointestinal Tumors.

Blog post

Hale T. This New Shade Of Blue Was Accidentally Discovered By Chemists [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Jun

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Unsupported Adjustments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Peterson DG. An application of geotechnical techniques to quantitative regional slope stability analysis San Clemente, California. 2012

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Even With Yanks Hurting, There’s Usually Pain to Spare for Mets. New York Times. 2013 May;B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gastrointestinal Tumors
Abbreviation	Gastrointest. Tumors
ISSN (print)	2296-3774
ISSN (online)	2296-3766
Scope