How to format your references using the Gastrointestinal Tumors citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gastrointestinal Tumors. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Reichstein M. Journal club. A biogeochemist looks at where all the emitted carbon dioxide is going. Nature. 2010 Mar;464(7286):145.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rivenbark AG, Strahl BD. Molecular biology. Unlocking cell fate. Science. 2007 Oct;318(5849):403–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fox CG, Chadwick WW Jr, Embley RW. Direct observation of a submarine volcanic eruption from a sea-floor instrument caught in a lava flow. Nature. 2001 Aug;412(6848):727–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Schlichting HE, Ofek EO, Wenz M, Sari R, Gal-Yam A, Livio M, et al. A single sub-kilometre Kuiper belt object from a stellar occultation in archival data. Nature. 2009 Dec;462(7275):895–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Soustelle M. Ionic and Electrochemical Equilibria. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Inter-American Development Bank. Saving for Development: How Latin America and the Caribbean Can Save More and Better. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Aydın AO, Orgun MA. The Reactive-Causal Cognitive Agent Architecture. In: Wang Y, Zhang D, Kinsner W, editors. Advances in Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010; pp 71–103.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gastrointestinal Tumors.

Blog post

Carpineti A. New Molecule Makes It Easier To Turn CO2 Into Fuel [Internet]. IFLScience. 2017 Mar [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/new-molecule-makes-it-easier-to-turn-co2-into-fuel/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Special Education: Clearer Guidance Would Enhance Implementation of Federal Disciplinary Provisions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wuite J. Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Three East Antarctic Outlet Glaciers and Their Floating Ice Tongues. 2006

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hirsch GA. 60 Years Ago, An Olympic Trifecta Of Endurance. New York Times. 2012 Jun;SP11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gastrointestinal Tumors
Abbreviation	Gastrointest. Tumors
ISSN (print)	2296-3774
ISSN (online)	2296-3766
Scope