How to format your references using the Frontiers in Sleep Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Sleep Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marciano, W. J. (2014). Particle physics: quarks are not ambidextrous. Nature 506, 43–44.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cranch, G. A., and Foster, S. (2012). Comment on “Probing the ultimate limit of fiber-optic strain sensing.” Science 335, 286; author reply 286.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gadalla, M. N., Abdel-Rahman, M., and Shamim, A. (2014). Design, optimization and fabrication of a 28.3 THz nano-rectenna for infrared detection and rectification. Sci. Rep. 4, 4270.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kitano, M., Nakaya, M., Nakamura, T., Nagata, S., and Matsuda, M. (2008). Imaging of Rab5 activity identifies essential regulators for phagosome maturation. Nature 453, 241–245.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Peat, J., Elliott, E., Baur, L., and Keena, V. (2002). Scientific Writing Easy when you know how. London, WC: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Hollar, D. ed. (2012). Handbook of Children with Special Health Care Needs. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bosse, T., Jonker, C. M., Los, S. A., van der Torre, L., and Treur, J. (2006). “Formalisation and Analysis of the Temporal Dynamics of Conditioning,” in Agent-Oriented Software Engineering VI: 6th International Workshop, AOSE 2005, Utrecht, The Netherlands, July 25, 2005. Revised and Invited Papers, eds. J. P. Müller and F. Zambonelli (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 54–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Sleep Disorders.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016). “Xenomorph Baby” Pokes His Feet Out Through His Mom’s Uterus. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/xenomorph-baby-pokes-his-feet-out-through-his-moms-uterus/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2003). Space Acquisitions: Committing Prematurely to the Transformational Satellite Program Elevates Risks for Poor Cost, Schedule, and Performance Outcomes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez Gamez, L. I. (2012). New perspectives on the spatial analysis of urban employment distribution and commuting patterns: The cases of Hermosillo and Ciudad Obregon, Mexico. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Smith, M., Pérez-Peña, R., and Bromwich, J. E. (2016). Iowa Man Surrenders After Two Police Officers Are Ambushed Overnight. New York Times, A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Marciano, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Cranch and Foster, 2012; Marciano, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cranch and Foster, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Kitano et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Sleep Disorders
Abbreviation	Front. Psychiatry
ISSN (online)	1664-0640
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health