How to format your references using the Frontiers in Sleep Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Sleep Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

ten Kate, K. (2002). Global genetic resources. Science and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Science 295, 2371–2372.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jetz, W., and Rahbek, C. (2002). Geographic range size and determinants of avian species richness. Science 297, 1548–1551.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tsori, Y., Tournilhac, F., and Leibler, L. (2004). Demixing in simple fluids induced by electric field gradients. Nature 430, 544–547.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Galanty, Y., Belotserkovskaya, R., Coates, J., Polo, S., Miller, K. M., and Jackson, S. P. (2009). Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand breaks. Nature 462, 935–939.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

May, V., and Kühn, O. (2007). Charge and Energy Transfer Dynamics in Molecular Systems. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.

An edited book

Ng, I., Parry, G., Wild, P., McFarlane, D., and Tasker, P. eds. (2011). Complex Engineering Service Systems: Concepts and Research. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Remuß, V., Deeg, C., Musial, M., Hommel, G., Béjar, M., Cuesta, F., et al. (2007). “Autonomous Helicopters,” in Multiple Heterogeneous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, eds. A. Ollero and I. Maza (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 111–146.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Sleep Disorders.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2016). NASA Announces The Discovery Of More Than 1,200 New Exoplanets. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1997). FASAB Volume 1 Original Statements: Statements of Federal Financial Accounting Concepts and Standards. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

O’Neal, L. (2016). What’s in Your Toolbox?: Examining Tool Choices at Two Middle and Late Woodland-Period Sites on Florida’s Central Gulf Coast. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. (2006). Justices Back Police Intervention Without a Warrant. New York Times, A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (ten Kate, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Jetz and Rahbek, 2002; ten Kate, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jetz and Rahbek, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Galanty et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Sleep Disorders
Abbreviation	Front. Psychiatry
ISSN (online)	1664-0640
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health