How to format your references using the Frontiers in Pharmaceutical Medicine and Outcomes Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Pharmaceutical Medicine and Outcomes Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bevan, M. (2003). Plant science. Surprises inside a green grass genome. Science 300, 1514–1515.

A journal article with 2 authors

Casillas, C. E., and Kammen, D. M. (2010). Environment and development. The energy-poverty-climate nexus. Science 330, 1181–1182.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ruff, C. C., Ugazio, G., and Fehr, E. (2013). Changing social norm compliance with noninvasive brain stimulation. Science 342, 482–484.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Gegenwart, P., Westerkamp, T., Krellner, C., Tokiwa, Y., Paschen, S., Geibel, C., et al. (2007). Multiple energy scales at a quantum critical point. Science 315, 969–971.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Krasner, D. (2016). A History of Modern Drama. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Moloney, R., and Xu, H. L. eds. (2016). Exploring Innovative Pedagogy in the Teaching and Learning of Chinese as a Foreign Language., 1st ed. 2016. Singapore: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhu, X., Song, B., Ni, Y., Ren, Y., and Li, R. (2016). “Mobile Internet—From PC-Based Internet to PC-Based Internet and Mobile Internet,” in Business Trends in the Digital Era: Evolution of Theories and Applications, eds. B. Song, Y. Ni, Y. Ren, and R. Li (Singapore: Springer), 63–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Pharmaceutical Medicine and Outcomes Research.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016). Movement Has Been Detected Along The San Andreas Fault. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/movement-has-been-detected-along-the-san-andreas-fault/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986). University Funding: Assessing Federal Funding Mechanisms for University Research. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McGrath, P. M. (2013). Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008: A policy analysis. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Belson, K., and Pilon, M. (2012). Marathon Is Set to Go On, Stirring Debate. New York Times, B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bevan, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Bevan, 2003; Casillas and Kammen, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Casillas and Kammen, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Gegenwart et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Pharmaceutical Medicine and Outcomes Research
Abbreviation	Front. Pharmacol.
ISSN (online)	1663-9812
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology