How to format your references using the Frontiers in Pharmaceutical Medicine and Outcomes Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Pharmaceutical Medicine and Outcomes Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pain, E. (2008). Science careers. Measuring the impact of invasive plants. Science 320, 1516.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nguyen, J. H., and Holmes, N. C. (2004). Melting of iron at the physical conditions of the Earth’s core. Nature 427, 339–342.

A journal article with 3 authors

Torres, M. A., West, A. J., and Li, G. (2014). Sulphide oxidation and carbonate dissolution as a source of CO2 over geological timescales. Nature 507, 346–349.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mondello, S., Buki, A., Barzo, P., Randall, J., Provuncher, G., Hanlon, D., et al. (2014). CSF and plasma amyloid-β temporal profiles and relationships with neurological status and mortality after severe traumatic brain injury. Sci. Rep. 4, 6446.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Li, H.-X., and Lu, X. (2014). System Design and Control Integration for Advanced Manufacturing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Wood, P. R. (2009). Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery in Clinical Practice., eds. P. F. Mahoney and J. P. Cooper. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Suzuki, K. N., Machado, E. C., Machado, W., Bellido, L. F., Bellido, A. V. B., and Lopes, R. T. (2015). “Radiotracers as a Tool to Elucidate Trace Element Behaviour in the Water–Sediment Interface,” in Radionuclides in the Environment: Influence of chemical speciation and plant uptake on radionuclide migration, eds. C. Walther and D. K. Gupta (Cham: Springer International Publishing), 101–113.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Pharmaceutical Medicine and Outcomes Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014). Concrete Cast of Ant Nest Reveals Huge Underground Metropolis. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/concrete-cast-ant-nest-reveals-huge-underground-metropolis/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1972). Drug Abuse Control Program Activities in Okinawa. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Buckley, M. (2009). Weaving Into the Glimmer. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson, M. (2017). Friends, Romans, Presidents. New York Times, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pain, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Nguyen and Holmes, 2004; Pain, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nguyen and Holmes, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Mondello et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Pharmaceutical Medicine and Outcomes Research
Abbreviation	Front. Pharmacol.
ISSN (online)	1663-9812
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology