How to format your references using the Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Imaging and Stimulation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Imaging and Stimulation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dalcanton, J. J. (2009). 18 years of science with the Hubble Space Telescope. Nature 457, 41–50.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hudson, P. J., and Bjørnstad, O. N. (2003). Ecology. Vole stranglers and lemming cycles. Science 302, 797–798.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schmidt, W. H., Houang, R., and Cogan, L. S. (2011). Education. Preparing future math teachers. Science 332, 1266–1267.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Boto, E., Holmes, N., Leggett, J., Roberts, G., Shah, V., Meyer, S. S., et al. (2018). Moving magnetoencephalography towards real-world applications with a wearable system. Nature 555, 657–661.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wren, C. (2011). Concise Guide to Pediatric Arrhythmias. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Jiang, Z. ed. (2005). Shock Waves: Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Shock Waves Beijing, China July 11–16, 2004. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Rubin, A., and Riznichenko, G. (2014). “Model of Impact of a Weak Electric Field on Nonlinear System of Transmembrane Ion Transport potential electric potential transmembrane ion flux,” in Mathematical Biophysics Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering., ed. G. Riznichenko (Boston, MA: Springer US), 55–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Imaging and Stimulation.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). Dark Grape Compound May Help The Body Burn Fat. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/dark-grape-compound-may-help-body-burn-fat/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1975). Administration of the Emergency School Aid Act by OE. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Carrier, T. H. (2017). Using Grunig’s Situational Theory for Analysis of Frames in Human Trafficking Awareness Organizations’ YouTube Videos.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. (2016). Review: ‘Finding Babel’ Retraces a Celebrated Grandfather’s Footsteps. New York Times, C7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dalcanton, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Hudson and Bjørnstad, 2003; Dalcanton, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hudson and Bjørnstad, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Boto et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Imaging and Stimulation
Abbreviation	Front. Psychiatry
ISSN (online)	1664-0640
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health