How to format your references using the Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Imaging and Stimulation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Imaging and Stimulation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bakalar, N. (2012). Sensory science: partners in flavour. Nature 486, S4-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Barbash, S., and Soreq, H. (2013). Statistically invalid classification of high throughput gene expression data. Sci. Rep. 3, 1102.

A journal article with 3 authors

Henikoff, S., Ahmad, K., and Malik, H. S. (2001). The centromere paradox: stable inheritance with rapidly evolving DNA. Science 293, 1098–1102.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Helenius, J., Ng, D. T. W., Marolda, C. L., Walter, P., Valvano, M. A., and Aebi, M. (2002). Translocation of lipid-linked oligosaccharides across the ER membrane requires Rft1 protein. Nature 415, 447–450.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Evans, G. M., and Furlong, J. C. (2010). Environmental Biotechnology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Doherty, G., and Blandford, A. eds. (2007). Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification: 13th International Workshop, DSVIS 2006, Dublin, Ireland, July 26-28, 2006. Revised Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Chattopadhyay, S., Mitra, M., and Sengupta, S. (2011). “Harmonics,” in Electric Power Quality, eds. M. Mitra and S. Sengupta (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands), 17–34.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Imaging and Stimulation.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015). Millions of Dog Mummies Discovered in Catacombs of Anubis. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/millions-dog-mummies-discovered-catacombs-anubis/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007). Transportation Security: DHS Efforts to Eliminate Redundant Background Check Investigations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zhang, H. (2008). Studies of Zeolite-Based Artificial Photosynthetic Systems. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. (2001). You Let Your Hair Down, and This Barkeep Cuts It. New York Times, 144.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bakalar, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Bakalar, 2012; Barbash and Soreq, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Barbash and Soreq, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Helenius et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Imaging and Stimulation
Abbreviation	Front. Psychiatry
ISSN (online)	1664-0640
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health