How to format your references using the Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Imaging and Stimulation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Imaging and Stimulation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain, C. (2010). Scientists vs engineers: this time it’s financial. Nature 467, 885.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sorensen, E. J., and Sammis, G. M. (2004). Chemistry. A dash of proline makes things sweet. Science 305, 1725–1726.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ni, J., Yan, Q., and Yu, Y. (2013). How much metagenomic sequencing is enough to achieve a given goal? Sci. Rep. 3, 1968.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zheng, Y., Danilenko, D. M., Valdez, P., Kasman, I., Eastham-Anderson, J., Wu, J., et al. (2007). Interleukin-22, a T(H)17 cytokine, mediates IL-23-induced dermal inflammation and acanthosis. Nature 445, 648–651.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sawant, R. J. (2010). Infrastructure Investing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Zhang, L., and Zhang, C. eds. (2012). Engineering Education and Management: Vol 2, Results of the 2011 International Conference on Engineering Education and Management (ICEEM2011). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Jafarpour, B. (2013). “Sparsity-Promoting Solution of Subsurface Flow Model Calibration Inverse Problems,” in Advances in Hydrogeology, eds. P. K. Mishra and K. L. Kuhlman (New York, NY: Springer), 73–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Imaging and Stimulation.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2015). Sea Level Rise Has Been Miscalculated. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/claim-sea-level-rise-has-been-miscalculated/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987). FAA’s Preboard Passenger Screening Process. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tripamer, A. J. (2013). Teacher Perceptions of Teacher Evaluations in the Fort Zumwalt School District. Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Nagourney, A., Lovett, I., and Pérez-Peña, R. (2015). Shooting Rampage Sows Terror in California. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Macilwain, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Sorensen and Sammis, 2004; Macilwain, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sorensen and Sammis, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Zheng et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Imaging and Stimulation
Abbreviation	Front. Psychiatry
ISSN (online)	1664-0640
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health