How to format your references using the Frontiers in Neuromorphic Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Neuromorphic Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pinheiro, M. J. (2013). A variational method in out-of-equilibrium physical systems. Sci. Rep. 3, 3454.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shiroguchi, K., and Kinosita, K., Jr (2007). Myosin V walks by lever action and Brownian motion. Science 316, 1208–1212.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aldaye, F. A., Palmer, A. L., and Sleiman, H. F. (2008). Assembling materials with DNA as the guide. Science 321, 1795–1799.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Perraki, A., DeFalco, T. A., Derbyshire, P., Avila, J., Séré, D., Sklenar, J., et al. (2018). Phosphocode-dependent functional dichotomy of a common co-receptor in plant signalling. Nature 561, 248–252.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dowd, K. (2005). Measuring Market Risk. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Ischebeck, F. (2005). Ideals and Reality: Projective Modules and Number of Generators of Ideals., ed. R. A. Rao. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Freguglia, P. (2011). “Geometric Calculus and Geometry Foundations in Peano,” in Giuseppe Peano between Mathematics and Logic: Proceeding of the International Conference in honour of Giuseppe Peano on the 150th anniversary of his birth and the centennial of the Formulario Mathematico, Turin (Italy), October 2–3,2008, ed. F. Skof (Milano: Springer), 69–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Neuromorphic Engineering.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2016). Incredible New Project Converts Carbon Dioxide Into Stone. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/icelandic-project-converts-carbon-dioxide-to-stone-in-world-first/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2008). Highways and Environment: Transportation Agencies Are Acting to Involve Others in Planning and Environmental Decisions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mayorga, J. (2009). MSW students’ perception of mental health competence. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M. (1993). A Magazine Will Tell All About Bubba. New York Times, A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pinheiro, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Shiroguchi and Kinosita, 2007; Pinheiro, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shiroguchi and Kinosita, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Perraki et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Neuromorphic Engineering
Abbreviation	Front. Neurosci.
ISSN (online)	1662-453X
Scope	General Neuroscience