How to format your references using the Frontiers in Neuroengineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Neuroengineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Butler, D. (2000). Europe agrees to boost Internet networks used by researchers. Nature 405, 261–262.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang, Y., and Xiong, Y. (2001). A p53 amino-terminal nuclear export signal inhibited by DNA damage-induced phosphorylation. Science 292, 1910–1915.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lazzerini, G. M., Strambini, L. M., and Barillaro, G. (2013). Addressing reliability and degradation of chemitransistor sensors by electrical tuning of the sensitivity. Sci. Rep. 3, 1161.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Gerlach, D., Guo, Y., De Castro, C., Kim, S.-H., Schlatterer, K., Xu, F.-F., et al. (2018). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alters cell wall glycosylation to evade immunity. Nature.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gregory, J. (2012). Counterparty Credit Risk and Credit Value Adjustment. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Gobbi, A., Espregueira-Mendes, J., and Nakamura, N. eds. (2014). The Patellofemoral Joint: State of the Art in Evaluation and Management. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kida, M. (2015). “Role of EUS on Preoperative Staging of Gastric Cancer for ESD,” in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: Principles and Practice, ed. N. Fukami (New York, NY: Springer), 27–39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Neuroengineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). Four Things You Should Be Doing To Protect Yourself From Cyberattack. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/four-things-you-should-be-doing-protect-yourself-cyberattack/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1989). ICBM Modernization: Rail Garrison Production Decision and Launch Car Acquisition Should Be Delayed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ly, L. (2017). Performance Appraisal in a Family Business. Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M. (2010). Nothing Up His Sleeve, but on It. New York Times, E6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Butler, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Butler, 2000; Zhang and Xiong, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zhang and Xiong, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Gerlach et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Neuroengineering
Abbreviation	Front. Neuroeng.
ISSN (online)	1662-6443
Scope	Biophysics Biomedical Engineering Neuroscience (miscellaneous)