How to format your references using the Frontiers in Microbiotechnology, Ecotoxicology and Bioremediation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Microbiotechnology, Ecotoxicology and Bioremediation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schilling, G. (2000). ASTRONOMY: Watch This Space! Science 289, 238b.

A journal article with 2 authors

Leitch, A. R., and Leitch, I. J. (2008). Genomic plasticity and the diversity of polyploid plants. Science 320, 481–483.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sanderson, M. J., McMahon, M. M., and Steel, M. (2011). Terraces in phylogenetic tree space. Science 333, 448–450.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Nirenberg, S., Carcieri, S. M., Jacobs, A. L., and Latham, P. E. (2001). Retinal ganglion cells act largely as independent encoders. Nature 411, 698–701.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hull, B. (2010). Manufacturing Best Practices. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bunimovich, L. (2014). Isospectral Transformations: A New Approach to Analyzing Multidimensional Systems and Networks., ed. B. Webb. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Naumov, A. D., Timokhina, N. I., Litvinchuk, A. V., Vereshchako, G. G., Khodosovskaya, A. M., Sushko, S. N., et al. (2013). “Radioprotective Properties of Selenomethionine with Methionine, Extracts from Basidium Fungi and Exogenous DNA,” in Advanced Bioactive Compounds Countering the Effects of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Agents: Strategies to Counter Biological Damage, eds. G. N. Pierce, V. I. Mizin, and A. Omelchenko (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands), 55–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Microbiotechnology, Ecotoxicology and Bioremediation.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015). Vomiting Machine Shows How Viruses Spread Through The Air. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2013). DOD Business Systems Modernization: Further Actions Needed to Address Challenges and Improve Accountability. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bozorgchami, B. (2017). Time and Bandwidth Efficiency in Transmission of Telemedicine and In-Hospital Patient Data. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. (2017). Film Series. New York Times, C21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schilling, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Schilling, 2000; Leitch and Leitch, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Leitch and Leitch, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Nirenberg et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Microbiotechnology, Ecotoxicology and Bioremediation
Abbreviation	Front. Microbiol.
ISSN (online)	1664-302X
Scope	Microbiology Microbiology (medical)