How to format your references using the Frontiers in Microbial Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Microbial Immunology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pasquinelli, A. E. (2010). Molecular biology. Paring miRNAs through pairing. Science 328, 1494–1495.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nishioka, K., and Reinberg, D. (2001). Transcription. Switching partners in a regulatory tango. Science 294, 2497–2498.

A journal article with 3 authors

Worobey, M., Han, G.-Z., and Rambaut, A. (2014). A synchronized global sweep of the internal genes of modern avian influenza virus. Nature 508, 254–257.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Jung, A., Maier, R., Vartanian, J.-P., Bocharov, G., Jung, V., Fischer, U., et al. (2002). Recombination: Multiply infected spleen cells in HIV patients. Nature 418, 144.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Temple, L. P., III (2013). Implosion. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Sandkuhl, K. (2014). Enterprise Modeling: Tackling Business Challenges with the 4EM Method., eds. J. Stirna, A. Persson, and M. Wißotzki. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Inozemtseva, L., Holmes, R., and Walker, R. J. (2014). “Recommendation Systems in-the-Small,” in Recommendation Systems in Software Engineering, eds. M. P. Robillard, W. Maalej, R. J. Walker, and T. Zimmermann (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 77–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Microbial Immunology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). Are US Vaccine Rates Going Down Because Public Trust And Social Ties Are Eroding. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1974). FDA’s Activities Involving Sanitary Conditions at Food Shortage Warehouses. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rayford, S. (2014). A Qualitative Analysis of Mentoring Experiences and Perceptions of Female Students Enrolled in a Doctoral Program in Education at a Midwestern University. St. Charles, MO: Lindenwood University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Applebome, P. (2016). In Detroit’s Recovery, Downtown Roars and Neighborhoods Sputter. New York Times, A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pasquinelli, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Nishioka and Reinberg, 2001; Pasquinelli, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nishioka and Reinberg, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Jung et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Microbial Immunology
Abbreviation	Front. Immunol.
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
Scope