How to format your references using the Frontiers in Laboratory Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Laboratory Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lamacraft A. Physics. New SQUID on the Bloch. Science. 2015;347(6219):232-233.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yang HI, Zeng FG. Reduced acoustic and electric integration in concurrent-vowel recognition. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1419.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hill MS, Hitchcock PB, Pongtavornpinyo R. A linear homocatenated compound containing six indium centers. Science. 2006;311(5769):1904-1907.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Palesch D, Bosinger SE, Tharp GK, et al. Sooty mangabey genome sequence provides insight into AIDS resistance in a natural SIV host. Nature. 2018;553(7686):77-81.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chan NH, Wong HY. Handbook of Financial Risk Management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Chae J, ed. Initial Results from the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS). Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Emsley JG, Macklis JD. Responses of the Adult SVZ to Neuronal Death and Injury. In: Levison SW, ed. Mammalian Subventricular Zones: Their Roles in Brain Development, Cell Replacement and Disease. Springer US; 2006:159-184.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Laboratory Medicine.

Blog post

Hamilton K. 52 Of The Most Common Myths and Misconceptions Debunked In One Infographic. IFLScience. November 10, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/52-common-myths-and-misconceptions-debunked/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Direct Broadcast Satellite Subscribership Has Grown Rapidly, but Varies across Different Types of Markets. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chung EK. The Sophisticated Genetic Diversities of Human Complement Component C4 and RCCX Modules in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2003.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. Food That Recalls a Childhood. New York Times. January 20, 2008:NJ12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Laboratory Medicine
ISSN (print)	2542-3649
Scope