How to format your references using the Frontiers in Invertebrate Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Invertebrate Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Black, D. E. (2002). Climate variability. The rains may be a-comin’. Science 297, 528–529.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nussenzveig, P., and Barata, J. C. A. (2010). Physics. A drop of quantum matter. Science 328, 1491–1492.

A journal article with 3 authors

Noda, S., Chutinan, A., and Imada, M. (2000). Trapping and emission of photons by a single defect in a photonic bandgap structure. Nature 407, 608–610.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mirouze, M., Reinders, J., Bucher, E., Nishimura, T., Schneeberger, K., Ossowski, S., et al. (2009). Selective epigenetic control of retrotransposition in Arabidopsis. Nature 461, 427–430.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Menk, F. W., and Waters, C. L. (2013). Magnetoseismology. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Baert, A. L. ed. (2008). Encyclopedia of Diagnostic Imaging. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Iosifidis, P., and Wheeler, M. (2016). “Western Media Policy Frameworks and Values,” in Public Spheres and Mediated Social Networks in the Western Context and Beyond, ed. M. Wheeler (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK), 65–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Invertebrate Physiology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2013). The Biological Basis of Wolverine’s Regeneration. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/biological-basis-wolverine’s-regeneration/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2016). Emergency Communications: Survey of Selected Federal Agencies’ Use and Procurement of Land Mobile Radio Equipment (GAO-17-13SP, October 5, 2016), an E-supplement to GAO-17-12. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moody, V. J. (2012). Examining leadership styles and employee engagement in the public and private sectors. Phoenix, AZ: University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G. G. (2017). George Takei’s Life, as a Graphic Novel. New York Times, C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Black, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Black, 2002; Nussenzveig and Barata, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nussenzveig and Barata, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Mirouze et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Invertebrate Physiology
Abbreviation	Front. Physiol.
ISSN (online)	1664-042X
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical)