How to format your references using the Frontiers in Environmental Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Environmental Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gershon, D. (2002). Malaria research tools up for the future. Nature 419, 4–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shafto, M. A., and Tyler, L. K. (2014). Language in the aging brain: the network dynamics of cognitive decline and preservation. Science 346, 583–587.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ichimura, T., Fujiwara, K., and Tanaka, H. (2014). Dual field effects in electrolyte-gated spinel ferrite: electrostatic carrier doping and redox reactions. Sci. Rep. 4, 5818.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Neill, D. R., Wong, S. H., Bellosi, A., Flynn, R. J., Daly, M., Langford, T. K. A., et al. (2010). Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity. Nature 464, 1367–1370.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Harris, J. (2013). The Utopian Globalists. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

An edited book

Chakravorti, S. (2013). Recent Trends in the Condition Monitoring of Transformers: Theory, Implementation and Analysis., eds. D. Dey and B. Chatterjee. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Nasdala, L., Beyssac, O., William Schopf, J., and Bleisteiner, B. (2012). “Application of Raman-based images in the Earth sciences,” in Raman Imaging: Techniques and Applications, ed. A. Zoubir (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 145–187.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Environmental Science.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). Watch Japanese Volcano Mount Shindake Erupt. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/japanese-volcano-mount-shindake-erupts-first-time-year/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005). Commercial Aviation: Initial Small Community Air Service Development Projects Have Achieved Mixed Results. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee, A. M. (2010). Examining the socially responsible leadership development outcomes of study abroad experiences for college seniors. College Park, MD: University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eligon, J. (2017). Cagey Mayweather Saves Fireworks for Last. New York Times, D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gershon, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Gershon, 2002; Shafto and Tyler, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shafto and Tyler, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Neill et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Environmental Science
Abbreviation	Front. Environ. Sci.
ISSN (online)	2296-665X
Scope