How to format your references using the Frontiers in Dementia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Dementia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Epstein, S. S. (2009). Microbial awakenings. Nature 457, 1083.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cowan, J. J., and Sneden, C. (2006). Heavy element synthesis in the oldest stars and the early Universe. Nature 440, 1151–1156.

A journal article with 3 authors

Salje, J., Zuber, B., and Löwe, J. (2009). Electron cryomicroscopy of E. coli reveals filament bundles involved in plasmid DNA segregation. Science 323, 509–512.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Liao, S., Zhang, W., Fan, K., Ye, K., Zhang, X., Zhang, J., et al. (2013). Ionic strength-dependent conformations of a ubiquitin-like small archaeal modifier protein (SAMP2) from Haloferax volcanii. Sci. Rep. 3, 2136.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wood, J., Brown, W., and Howe, H. (2013). IT Auditing and Application Controls for Small and Mid-Sized Enterprises. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gervasi, O., Gavrilova, M. L., Kumar, V., Laganà, A., Lee, H. P., Mun, Y., et al. eds. (2005). Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2005: International Conference, Singapore, May 9-12, 2005, Proceedings, Part III. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Mula, J., and Campuzano, F. (2011). “System Dynamics: Main Concepts,” in Supply Chain Simulation: A System Dynamics Approach for Improving Performance, ed. J. Mula (London: Springer), 37–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Dementia.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014). Stomach Ulcer Bacteria Evolve To Outwit Immune System. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/stomach-ulcer-bacteria-evolve-outwit-immune-system/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012). Air Passenger Screening: Transportation Security Administration Needs to Improve Complaint Processes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Venter, W. M. (2016). People and Pride: A Qualitative Study of Place Attachment and Professional Placemakers. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter, J. (2017). Europe Weighs Tax Plans Aimed at Online Giants. New York Times, B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Epstein, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Cowan and Sneden, 2006; Epstein, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cowan and Sneden, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Liao et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Dementia
Abbreviation	Front. Neurol.
ISSN (online)	1664-2295
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology