How to format your references using the Free Radicals and Antioxidants citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Free Radicals and Antioxidants. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Martin TE. Ecology. The cost of fear. Science. 2011;334(6061):1353-1354.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fehr E, Rockenbach B. Detrimental effects of sanctions on human altruism. Nature. 2003;422(6928):137-140.

A journal article with 3 authors

Drinnenberg IA, Fink GR, Bartel DP. Compatibility with killer explains the rise of RNAi-deficient fungi. Science. 2011;333(6049):1592.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Cvetkovic A, Menon AL, Thorgersen MP, et al. Microbial metalloproteomes are largely uncharacterized. Nature. 2010;466(7307):779-782.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Horton W. E-Learning by Design. Pfeiffer; 2011.

An edited book

Dey B, Sorour K, Filieri R, eds. ICTs in Developing Countries: Research, Practices and Policy Implications. Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Ellis-Monaghan JA, Moffatt I. Interactions with Graph Polynomials. In: Moffatt I, ed. Graphs on Surfaces: Dualities, Polynomials, and Knots. SpringerBriefs in Mathematics. Springer; 2013:61-99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Free Radicals and Antioxidants.

Blog post

Andrews R. Regularly Reading Books Prolongs Your Life By Up To Two Years. IFLScience. Published August 30, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/regularly-reading-books-prolongs-life-two-years/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. High-Performance Computing: Industry Uses of Supercomputers and High-Speed Networks. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ramirez M. Support Groups for Caregivers of Older Adults with End Stage Renal Disease: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Supreme Court Hears Plea for Help From Puerto Rico. New York Times. March 23, 2016:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Abbreviation	Free Radicals Antioxid.
ISSN (print)	2231-2536
Scope