How to format your references using the Formosan Journal of Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Formosan Journal of Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kreeger K. Seeking strength in numbers. Nature. 2003;421(6919):194.

A journal article with 2 authors

Koocher GP, Keith-Spiegel P. Peers nip misconduct in the bud. Nature. 2010;466(7305):438-440.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hansel DE, Eipper BA, Ronnett GV. Neuropeptide Y functions as a neuroproliferative factor. Nature. 2001;410(6831):940-944.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Fu D, Uauy C, Distelfeld A, et al. A kinase-START gene confers temperature-dependent resistance to wheat stripe rust. Science. 2009;323(5919):1357-1360.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pines JM, Carpenter CR, Raja AS, Schuur JD. Evidence-Based Emergency Care. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Kemper M. AdvancED Flash Interface Design. (Rosso G, Monnone B, eds.). Apress; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Shi L, Ólafsson S. Mathematical Programming in the NP Framework. In: Ólafsson S, ed. Nested Partitions Method, Theory and Applications. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. Springer US; 2009:69-83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Formosan Journal of Surgery.

Blog post

Luntz S. Human Language Gene Helps Mice Learn Tasks. IFLScience. September 16, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/human-language-gene-helps-mice-learn-tasks/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation for Older Adults: Measuring Results Could Help Determine If Coordination Efforts Improve Mobility. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Egan GC. Understanding the Reaction Mechanism of Aluminum Nanocomposite Thermites. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander S. Friends and Family Run for 9/11 Victims. New York Times. November 2, 2002:D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Formosan Journal of Surgery
Abbreviation	Formos. J. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1682-606X
Scope	Surgery