How to format your references using the Formosan Journal of Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Formosan Journal of Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pickup DJ. Cell biology. Propelling progeny. Science. 2010;327(5967):787-788.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cottrell E, Kelley KA. Redox heterogeneity in mid-ocean ridge basalts as a function of mantle source. Science. 2013;340(6138):1314-1317.

A journal article with 3 authors

Koenderink AF, Alù A, Polman A. Nanophotonics: shrinking light-based technology. Science. 2015;348(6234):516-521.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hamdan SM, Loparo JJ, Takahashi M, Richardson CC, van Oijen AM. Dynamics of DNA replication loops reveal temporal control of lagging-strand synthesis. Nature. 2009;457(7227):336-339.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Naini FB. Facial Aesthetics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2011.

An edited book

Chen S, Li YF, Zhang J, Wang W, eds. Active Sensor Planning for Multiview Vision Tasks. Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Almandoz JED, Kamalian S, González RG, Lev MH, Romero JM. Imaging of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Stroke CT Angiography (CTA). In: González RG, Hirsch JA, Lev MH, Schaefer PW, Schwamm LH, eds. Acute Ischemic Stroke: Imaging and Intervention. Springer; 2011:57-82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Formosan Journal of Surgery.

Blog post

Davis J. Fracking Chemicals Discovered In Drinking Water. IFLScience. May 6, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/fracking-chemicals-discovered-drinking-water/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Reorganization of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Western Test Range at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Virchez Azuara A. A Human Resource Perspective on the Development of Workforce Agility. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. Reviving a Snow Globe Town and Its Comfortable Nostalgia. New York Times. November 23, 2016:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Formosan Journal of Surgery
Abbreviation	Formos. J. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1682-606X
Scope	Surgery