How to format your references using the Food Research International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Food Research International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Karsenty, G. (2003). The complexities of skeletal biology. Nature, 423(6937), 316–318.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sáez, A. G., & Lozano, E. (2005). Body doubles. Nature, 433(7022), 111.

A journal article with 3 authors

Johnson, D. D. P., Stopka, P., & Knights, S. (2003). Sociology: The puzzle of human cooperation. Nature, 421(6926), 911–912; discussion 912.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Mura, A., Adriani, A., Connerney, J. E. P., Bolton, S., Altieri, F., Bagenal, F., Bonfond, B., Dinelli, B. M., Gérard, J.-C., Greathouse, T., Grodent, D., Levin, S., Mauk, B., Moriconi, M. L., Saur, J., Waite, J. H., Jr, Amoroso, M., Cicchetti, A., Fabiano, F., … Turrini, D. (2018). Juno observations of spot structures and a split tail in Io-induced aurorae on Jupiter. Science (New York, N.Y.), 361(6404), 774–777.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dowd, K. (2005). Measuring Market Risk. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Lang, F., & Flammini, F. (Eds.). (2014). Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems: 19th International Conference, FMICS 2014, Florence, Italy, September 11-12, 2014. Proceedings (Vol. 8718). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Issa, T., & Isaias, P. (2015). Physical, Cognitive and Affective Engineering. In P. Isaias (Ed.), Sustainable Design: HCI, Usability and Environmental Concerns (pp. 59–69). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Food Research International.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2017, March 28). Captive Orca Theme Parks Are Sadly Thriving In China. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1978). Continuing Educational Programs for Scientists and Engineers (PSAD-78-75). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Borchardt, G. M. (2013). Making D.C. Democracy’s Capital: Local Activism, the “Federal State”, and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Washington, D.C [Doctoral dissertation]. George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G. G. (2014, May 2). Archie Isn’t Dead. He’s Free. (For One Day.). New York Times, C34.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Karsenty, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Karsenty, 2003; Sáez & Lozano, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sáez & Lozano, 2005)
Three authors: (Johnson et al., 2003)
6 or more authors: (Mura et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Food Research International
Abbreviation	Food Res. Int.
ISSN (print)	0963-9969
Scope	Food Science