How to format your references using the Food Research International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Food Research International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stevenson, D. J. (2008). A planetary perspective on the deep Earth. Nature, 451(7176), 261–265.

A journal article with 2 authors

Evan, G. I., & Vousden, K. H. (2001). Proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in cancer. Nature, 411(6835), 342–348.

A journal article with 3 authors

Matthews, A. J., Singhruck, P., & Heywood, K. J. (2007). Deep ocean impact of a Madden-Julian oscillation observed by Argo floats. Science (New York, N.Y.), 318(5857), 1765–1769.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Lee, K.-Y., D’Acquisto, F., Hayden, M. S., Shim, J.-H., & Ghosh, S. (2005). PDK1 nucleates T cell receptor-induced signaling complex for NF-kappaB activation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5718), 114–118.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Katsilambros, N., Kanaka-Gantenbein, C., Liatis, S., Makrilakis, K., & Tentolouris, N. (2011). Diabetic Emergencies. Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Whittaker, D., & Lappan, S. (Eds.). (2009). The Gibbons: New Perspectives on Small Ape Socioecology and Population Biology. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Wright, S., Bakmand-Mikalski, D., Rais, R. B., Bishop, D., Eddinger, M., Farnhill, B., Hild, E., Krause, J., Loriot, C., Malik, S., McDermott, M., Milner, D., Musters, E., Naveed, T., Orange, M., Ortiz, D., Ralston, B., Richard, E., & Sethunarayanan, K. (2011). Practical Document Management with SharePoint 2010. In D. Bakmand-Mikalski, R. B. Rais, D. Bishop, M. Eddinger, B. Farnhill, E. Hild, J. Krause, C. Loriot, S. Malik, M. McDermott, D. Milner, E. Musters, T. Naveed, M. Orange, D. Ortiz, B. Ralston, E. Richard, & K. Sethunarayanan (Eds.), Expert SharePoint 2010 Practices (pp. 111–160). Apress.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Food Research International.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2017, May 31). Saturn’s Moon Enceladus May Have Been Knocked On Its Side. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/saturns-moon-enceladus-may-have-been-knocked-on-its-side/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1981). Comments on H.R. 5103, Snyder letter (CBD-2-63). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moe, R. (2014). The evolution and impact of the massive open online course [Doctoral dissertation]. Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Steinhauer, J. (2017, January 26). Long Critical of Trump’s Ideas, Republicans Now Applaud Them. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Stevenson, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Evan & Vousden, 2001; Stevenson, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Evan & Vousden, 2001)
Three authors: (Matthews et al., 2007)
6 or more authors: (Lee et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Food Research International
Abbreviation	Food Res. Int.
ISSN (print)	0963-9969
Scope	Food Science