How to format your references using the F1000Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for F1000Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Thompson C. CRISPR: Move beyond differences. Nature. 2015 Jun 25;522(7557):415.

A journal article with 2 authors

Watrin E, Peters JM. Molecular biology. How and when the genome sticks together. Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):209–10.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thitamadee S, Tuchihara K, Hashimoto T. Microtubule basis for left-handed helical growth in Arabidopsis. Nature. 2002 May 9;417(6885):193–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Palmenberg AC, Spiro D, Kuzmickas R, Wang S, Djikeng A, Rathe JA, et al. Sequencing and analyses of all known human rhinovirus genomes reveal structure and evolution. Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):55–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nordenström J. The Hunt for the Parathyroids. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons; 2012.

An edited book

Reusch B, editor. Computational Intelligence, Theory and Applications: International Conference 8th Fuzzy Days in Dortmund, Germany, Sept. 29–Oct. 01, 2004 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005. XIV, 814 p. 244 illus., 66 illus. in color. (Advances in Soft Computing; vol. 33).

A chapter in an edited book

Balmer JE, Staub F, Jia F. Soft-X-Ray Lasing down to 6.85 nm in Ni-Like Samarium. In: Sebban S, Gautier J, Ros D, Zeitoun P, editors. X-Ray Lasers 2012: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers, 11–15 June 2012, Paris, France. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 29–34. (Springer Proceedings in Physics).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for F1000Research.

Blog post

Hale T. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Watch What Happens When You Blow A Bubble In The Winter In Calgary. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/check-out-bubble-freezing/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Demand Distribution Rolodex Card. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Apr. Report No.: 154061.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wistrom CA. Perceptions of School Leaders Regarding the Benefits of Leadership Dashboards [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. A Once-Quiet Precinct Council Quarrels Over Its Makeup. New York Times. 2001 Jun 24;147.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	F1000Research
Abbreviation	F1000Res.
ISSN (online)	2046-1402
Scope