How to format your references using the Experimental Biology and Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Experimental Biology and Medicine (EBM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mellman I. Private lives: reflections and challenges in understanding the cell biology of the immune system. Science 2007; 317: 625–627.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gargiulo F, Carletti T. Driving forces of researchers mobility. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 4860.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li C, de Grijs R, Deng L. The exclusion of a significant range of ages in a massive star cluster. Nature 2014; 516: 367–369.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dong C, Beis K, Nesper J, Brunkan-Lamontagne AL, Clarke BR, Whitfield C, Naismith JH. Wza the translocon for E. coli capsular polysaccharides defines a new class of membrane protein. Nature 2006; 444: 226–229.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tibergien M, Pomering R. Practice Made (More) Perfect. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011.

An edited book

Thompson CC (ed). Bariatric Endoscopy. New York, NY: Springer, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Vellonen V, Kärnä E, Virnes M. Supporting the Strengths and Activity of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Technology-Enhanced Learning Environment. In: Isaías P, Spector JM, Ifenthaler D, Sampson DG (eds) E-Learning Systems, Environments and Approaches: Theory and Implementation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 39–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J. Seal Fat Reveals Chemical Pollutants in the Deep Sea. IFLScience, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/seal-fat-reveals-chemical-pollutants-deep-sea/ (2015, accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Grants to New Jersey. AIMD-96-8R, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 8 November 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Selph CS. Origins of Music Programs in Liberal Arts Institutions: The Story of Three Florida Catholic Universities. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Florida, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. Lady Gaga Will Replace Beyoncé at Coachella. New York Times, 1 March 2017, p. C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Experimental Biology and Medicine
ISSN (print)	1535-3702
ISSN (online)	1535-3699
Scope