How to format your references using the European Journal of Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Brugger, Animal behavior. Chicks with a number sense, Science. 347 (2015) 477–478.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

K.L. Hudson, F.S. Collins, Biospecimen policy: Family matters, Nature. 500 (2013) 141–142.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Y. Yamamoto, D.W. Stock, W.R. Jeffery, Hedgehog signalling controls eye degeneration in blind cavefish, Nature. 431 (2004) 844–847.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

M.S. Martin, N.D. Theodore, C.-C. Wei, L. Shao, Physical assembly of Ag nanocrystals on enclosed surfaces in monocrystalline Si, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6744.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

F. Gardi, T. Benoist, J. Darlay, B. Estellon, R. Megel, Mathematical Programming Solver Based on Local Search, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

M. Friedman, D. Mottram, eds., Chemistry and Safety of Acrylamide in Food, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

B.W. Eidem, Functional Evaluation of the Heart by Transesophageal Echocardiography, in: P.C. Wong, W.C. Miller-Hance (Eds.), Transesophageal Echocardiography for Congenital Heart Disease, Springer, London, 2014: pp. 121–144.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Radiology.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, Zika Could Infect More Than 1.6 Million Childbearing Women In The Americas, IFLScience. (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/zika-could-infect-more-than-16-million-childbearing-women-in-the-americas/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Mass Transit Grants: Scarce Federal Funds Misused in UMTA’s Philadelphia Region, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

A.H. Selis, Holding the center: How one Jewish day school negotiates differences in a pluralistic community, Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Robinson, Christians and Muslims, New York Times. (2010) BR1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Radiology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Radiol.
ISSN (print)	0720-048X
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging