How to format your references using the European Journal of Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R. Schneider, Climate science: Sea levels from ancient seashells, Nature 508 (2014) 465–466.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

K.L. Hoffman, B.L. McNaughton, Coordinated reactivation of distributed memory traces in primate neocortex, Science 297 (2002) 2070–2073.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

L.E. White, D.M. Coppola, D. Fitzpatrick, The contribution of sensory experience to the maturation of orientation selectivity in ferret visual cortex, Nature 411 (2001) 1049–1052.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

E. Kohler, C. Keysers, M.A. Umiltà, L. Fogassi, V. Gallese, G. Rizzolatti, Hearing sounds, understanding actions: action representation in mirror neurons, Science 297 (2002) 846–848.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Equipment Testing Procedures Committee of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Trayed and Packed Columns, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

D. Futer, Guts of Surfaces and the Colored Jones Polynomial, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

E.J. Brändas, The Equivalence Principle from a Quantum Mechanical Perspective, in: P. Piecuch, J. Maruani, G. Delgado-Barrio, S. Wilson (Eds.), Advances in the Theory of Atomic and Molecular Systems: Conceptual and Computational Advances in Quantum Chemistry, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2009: pp. 73–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Radiology.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Spider Venom Could Help Save Brains After Strokes, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/spider-venom-could-help-save-brains-after-strokes/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Air Traffic Control: Status of the Current Modernization Program and Planning for the Next Generation System, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M. Rouhani, Overdose prevention and naloxone distribution: A grant project, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Saslow, Village Moves to Deter Illegal Housing, New York Times (2006) 14LI9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Radiology
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Radiol.
ISSN (print)	0720-048X
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging