How to format your references using the European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith C. The silent treatment. Nature. 2003 Mar 20;422(6929):342.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zou Z, Buck LB. Combinatorial effects of odorant mixes in olfactory cortex. Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1477–81.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bass AH, Gilland EH, Baker R. Evolutionary origins for social vocalization in a vertebrate hindbrain-spinal compartment. Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):417–21.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mushotzky RF, Cowie LL, Barger AJ, Arnaud KA. Resolving the extragalactic hard X-ray background. Nature. 2000 Mar 30;404(6777):459–64.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hurst K. Primary Care Trust Workforce Planning and Development. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Whurr Publishers Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Shishkov B, editor. Business Modeling and Software Design: Second International Symposium, BMSD 2012, Geneva, Switzerland, July 4-6, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Vashchenko V, Scholz M. Latch-up at System-Level Stress. In: Scholz M, editor. System Level ESD Protection. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 199–245.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry.

Blog post

Hale T. Eight Signs That You’re Smarter Than Average [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/signs-youre-smarter-than-average/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Digital Television Transition: Information on the Implementation of the Converter Box Subsidy Program and Consumer Participation in the Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008 Sep. Report No.: GAO-08-1161T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fulton E. Differential effects of nicotine on prospective memory, sustained attention, and working memory [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. How Did It Feel to Be on Their Own? New York Times. 2017 Oct 27;AR17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smith 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Smith 2003; Zou and Buck 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zou and Buck 2006)
Three or more authors: (Mushotzky et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry
Abbreviation	Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent.
ISSN (print)	1818-6300
ISSN (online)	1996-9805
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Dentistry (miscellaneous)

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