How to format your references using the European Addiction Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Addiction Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eisenstein M. Drug development: Holding out for reinforcements. Nature. 2012 Apr;484(7395):S16-8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Costa S, Shaw P. Chromatin organization and cell fate switch respond to positional information in Arabidopsis. Nature. 2006 Jan;439(7075):493–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bietenholz MF, Bartel N, Rupen MP. Discovery of a compact radio component in the center of supernova 1986J. Science. 2004 Jun;304(5679):1947–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ferrón SR, Charalambous M, Radford E, McEwen K, Wildner H, Hind E, et al. Postnatal loss of Dlk1 imprinting in stem cells and niche astrocytes regulates neurogenesis. Nature. 2011 Jul;475(7356):381–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

German Geotechnical Society. Recommendations on Excavations EAB. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2013.

An edited book

Cazals F, Kornprobst P, editors. Modeling in Computational Biology and Biomedicine: A Multidisciplinary Endeavor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Ebner BT, Chinnaiyan KM. Imaging of Coronary Artery Anomalies. In: Abbas AE, editor. Interventional Cardiology Imaging: An Essential Guide. London: Springer; 2015; pp 75–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Addiction Research.

Blog post

Luntz S. A Subsurface Ocean on Pluto? [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 Apr [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/subsurface-ocean-pluto/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Finance: Implementation of General Aviation Entitlement Grants. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Emenyonu NI. Barriers to HIV care in rural Uganda. 2012

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M. A Playwright’s Home, an Actor’s Muse. New York Times. 2013 Sep;E11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Addiction Research
Abbreviation	Eur. Addict. Res.
ISSN (print)	1022-6877
ISSN (online)	1421-9891
Scope	Medicine (miscellaneous) Psychiatry and Mental health Health(social science)