How to format your references using the Epidemics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Epidemics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Walker, R.J., 2000. Earth science. The extraterrestrial wedding ring. Nature 406, 359–360.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kelleher, R.J., 3rd, Shen, J., 2010. Genetics. Gamma-secretase and human disease. Science 330, 1055–1056.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zeng, B., Gao, Y., Bartoli, F.J., 2013. Ultrathin nanostructured metals for highly transmissive plasmonic subtractive color filters. Sci. Rep. 3, 2840.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kawane, K., Ohtani, M., Miwa, K., Kizawa, T., Kanbara, Y., Yoshioka, Y., Yoshikawa, H., Nagata, S., 2006. Chronic polyarthritis caused by mammalian DNA that escapes from degradation in macrophages. Nature 443, 998–1002.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Equipment Testing Procedures Committee, 2005. Continuous Direct-Heat Rotary Dryers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Sarro, F., Deb, K. (Eds.), 2016. Search Based Software Engineering: 8th International Symposium, SSBSE 2016, Raleigh, NC, USA, October 8-10, 2016, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Attardi, G., Simi, M., Zanelli, A., 2013. Tuning DeSR for Dependency Parsing of Italian, in: Magnini, B., Cutugno, F., Falcone, M., Pianta, E. (Eds.), Evaluation of Natural Language and Speech Tools for Italian: International Workshop, EVALITA 2011, Rome, January 24-25, 2012, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 37–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Epidemics.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2017. NASA Finds Young Volcano On Mars That Outlived The Dinosaurs [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-young-volcano-mars-outlived-dinosaurs/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2010. National Airspace System: Setting On-Time Performance Targets at Congested Airports Could Help Focus FAA’s Actions (No. GAO-10-542). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Swift, I., 2011. The Perceived Effect of Hidden Costs on the Operational Management of Information Technology Outsourcing: A Qualitative Study (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L., 2005. Case Reopens Abortion Issue for Justices. New York Times A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Walker, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Kelleher and Shen, 2010; Walker, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kelleher and Shen, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Kawane et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Epidemics
Abbreviation	Epidemics
ISSN (print)	1755-4365
Scope	Microbiology Parasitology Virology Epidemiology Infectious Diseases Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health