How to format your references using the Epidemics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Epidemics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Motavalli, J., 2015. Technology: A solid future. Nature 526, S96-7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Barry, C., Doeller, C.F., 2013. Neuroscience. 3D mapping in the brain. Science 340, 279–280.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ye, K., Malinina, L., Patel, D.J., 2003. Recognition of small interfering RNA by a viral suppressor of RNA silencing. Nature 426, 874–878.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bayrakci, S.P., Keller, T., Habicht, K., Keimer, B., 2006. Spin-wave lifetimes throughout the Brillouin zone. Science 312, 1926–1929.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rangarao, K.V., Mallik, R.K., 2006. Digital Signal Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Abramowicz, W., Fensel, D. (Eds.), 2008. Business Information Systems: 11th International Conference, BIS 2008, Innsbruck, Austria, May 5-7, 2008. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Iaaly, A., Jadayel, R., Jadayel, O., 2011. Passing GIS Knowhow from University Students to secondary School Students: pedagogical Approach in developing youngster’s Capabilities and Understanding in GIS, in: Ruas, A. (Ed.), Advances in Cartography and GIScience. Volume 2: Selection from ICC 2011, Paris, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 49–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Epidemics.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2016. “World’s Smallest Machines” Win The Nobel Prize For Chemistry [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/worlds-smallest-machines-win-the-nobel-prize-for-chemistry/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1973. Protest of NASA RFP (No. B-177184). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hutsell, J.D., 2009. School board members’ perception on their roles and responsibilities in developing policy that affects student achievement (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M., 1992. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Democrats; Days After “Final” Word on Draft, Clinton Faces Renewed Questions. New York Times A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Motavalli, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Barry and Doeller, 2013; Motavalli, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Barry and Doeller, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Bayrakci et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Epidemics
Abbreviation	Epidemics
ISSN (print)	1755-4365
Scope	Microbiology Parasitology Virology Epidemiology Infectious Diseases Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health